Artificial Intelligence in BI-RADS Categorization of Breast Lesions on Ultrasound: Can We Omit Excessive Follow-ups and Biopsies?

Rationale And Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been increasingly applied to breast ultrasonography. They are expected to decrease the workload of radiologists and to improve diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of an AI system for the BI-RADS category assessment in breast masses detected on breast ultrasound.

Gradient-Boosting Algorithm for Microwave Breast Lesion Classification-SAFE Clinical Investigation.

(1) Background: Microwave breast imaging (MBI) is a promising breast-imaging technology that uses harmless electromagnetic waves to radiate the breast and assess its internal structure. It utilizes the difference in dielectric properties of healthy and cancerous tissue, as well as the dielectric difference between different cancerous tissue types to identify anomalies inside the breast and make further clinical predictions. In this study, we evaluate the capability of our upgraded MBI device to provide breast tissue pathology.

Microwave Breast Lesion Classification - Results from Clinical Investigation of the SAFE Microwave Breast Cancer System.

Rationale And Objectives: Microwave breast cancer imaging (MWI) is an emerging non-invasive technology used to clinically assess the internal breast tissue inhomogeneity. MWI utilizes the variance in dielectric properties of healthy and cancerous tissue to identify anomalies inside the breast and make further clinical predictions. In this study, we evaluate our SAFE MWI system in a clinical setting.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast: Multimodality Imaging Findings and Review of the Literature.

Rationale And Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare type of breast cancer with favorable prognosis. There is limited data on the radiological findings of this rare tumor in literature. The aim of this study is to determine the most common imaging features and review the literature.

Could dietary erucic acid lower risk of brain tumors? An epidemiological look to Chinese population with implications for prevention and treatment.

Erucic acid, an omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acid present in Brassicaceae plants (rapeseed and mustard oils) is highly consumed by the Chinese population and according to several global survey studies, its highest levels are encountered in the Chinese women's milk. Erucic acid is an activating ligand of the transcription factor PPARδ and an inhibitor of the transcriptional activity of PPARγ, which drive tumorigenesis of glioblastomas and medulloblastomas. In this theoretical review, we propose that erucic acid in diet may associate with the risk of brain tumors.

MGMT in glial carcinogenesis. Roles from prevention to treatment.

Many investigations exist regarding the effect of the DNA repair enzyme MGMT (O 6 -methylguanine- DNA-methyltransferase)-encoding gene methylation on the antineoplasticity of temozolomide in glioblastoma patients. However, there exist surprisingly lesser studies regarding the associations between MGMT enzyme biochemistry with glial carcinogenesis. MGMT involves in risk of malignancies associated with ionizing radiation, smoking, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, vinylchloride and hairdyes.

Oxamate targeting aggressive cancers with special emphasis to brain tumors.

Cancer is one of the main causes of human mortality and brain tumors, including invasive pituitary adenomas, medulloblastomas and glioblastomas are common brain malignancies with poor prognosis. Therefore, the development of innovative management strategies for refractory cancers and brain tumors is important. In states of mitochondrial dysfunction - commonly encountered in malignant cells - cells mostly shift to anaerobic glycolysis by increasing the expression of LDHA (Lactate Dehydrogenase-A) gene.

Diagnostic Performance of AI for Cancers Registered in A Mammography Screening Program: A Retrospective Analysis.

To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in a simulated screening setting and its effectiveness in detecting missed and interval cancers. Digital mammograms were collected from Bahcesehir Mammographic Screening Program which is the first organized, population-based, 10-year (2009-2019) screening program in Turkey. In total, 211 mammograms were extracted from the archive of the screening program in this retrospective study.

SAFE: A Novel Microwave Imaging System Design for Breast Cancer Screening and Early Detection-Clinical Evaluation.

SAFE (Scan and Find Early) is a novel microwave imaging device intended for breast cancer screening and early detection. SAFE is based on the use of harmless electromagnetic waves and can provide relevant initial diagnostic information without resorting to X-rays. Because of SAFE's harmless effect on organic tissue, imaging can be performed repeatedly.

A recursive molecular docking coupled with energy-based pose-rescoring and MD simulations to identify sGC βH-NOX allosteric modulators for cardiovascular dysfunctions.

Modulating the activity of human soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) through allosteric regulation of the βH-NOX domain has been considered as an immediate treatment for cardiovascular disorder (CVDs). Currently available βH-NOX domain-specific agonists including cinaciguat are unable to deal with the conundrum raised due to oxidative stress in the case of CVDs and their associated comorbidities. Therefore, the idea of investigating novel compounds for allosteric regulation of sGC activation has been rekindled to circumvent CVDs.

Effects of iron oxide particles on MRI and mammography in breast cancer patients after a sentinel lymph node biopsy with paramagnetic tracers.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of iron oxide particle deposition on follow-up mammograms and MRI examinations of patients who underwent sentinel lymph node detection with iron oxide particles.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and eighteen patients who had sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with iron oxide particles were evaluated. Follow-up MRI and mammography were available in 36 and 69 cases respectively.

Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer Prevention by Aspirin-A Literature Review and Perspective on the Role of COX-Dependent and -Independent Pathways.

Aspirin, synthesized and marketed in 1897 by Bayer, is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. It has a well-recognized role in decreasing inflammation, pain and fever, and in the prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Its anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective actions have been well studied and occur through inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX).

The value of MRI contrast enhancement in biopsy decision of suspicious mammographic microcalcifications: a prospective multicenter study.

Objectives: To investigate the inclusion of breast MRI in radiological assessment of suspicious, isolated microcalcifications detected with mammography.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter study, cases with isolated microcalcifications in screening mammography were examined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) before biopsy, and contrast enhancement of the relevant calcification localization was accepted as a positive finding on MRI. Six experienced breast radiologists evaluated the images and performed the biopsies.

Probing the Structural Dynamics of the Catalytic Domain of Human Soluble Guanylate Cyclase.

In the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, human soluble guanylate cyclase (hsGC) synthesizes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP); responsible for the regulation of cGMP-specific protein kinases (PKGs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The crystal structure of the inactive hsGC cyclase dimer is known, but there is still a lack of information regarding the substrate-specific internal motions that are essential for the catalytic mechanism of the hsGC. In the current study, the hsGC cyclase heterodimer complexed with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and cGMP was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations, to investigate the conformational dynamics that have functional implications on the catalytic activity of hsGC.

Improvement of early detection of breast cancer through collaborative multi-country efforts: Observational clinical study.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to present baseline imaging data and the improvement that was achieved by the participating centers after applying practice-specific interventions that were identified during the course of a multicentric multinational research coordinated project.

Introduction: The incidence and mortality rates from breast cancer are rising worldwide and particularly rapidly across the countries with limited resources. Due to lack of awareness and screening options it is usually detected at a later stage.

Relationship of hospital-associated bleeding with length of stay and total hospitalization costs in patients hospitalized for atrial fibrillation.

Background: While literature has focused on the impact of bleeding beginning outside the hospital setting among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), there is little information regarding bleeding that first occurs within a hospital setting. This study was performed to determine the association between hospital-associated bleeding in patients admitted for AF on outcomes of length of stay (LOS) and total hospitalization cost.

Methods And Results: The Premier research database was queried to identify adult inpatients discharged between 2008-2011 having a primary diagnosis code for AF where a bleeding diagnosis code was not present on admission.

Efficacy and safety of low-dose SoluMatrix meloxicam in the treatment of osteoarthritis pain: a 12-week, phase 3 study.

Objective: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as meloxicam are commonly used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) but are associated with potentially serious dose-related adverse events (AEs). SoluMatrix meloxicam has been developed with the goal of enabling effective treatment at low doses. This phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose SoluMatrix meloxicam capsules 5 mg and 10 mg administered once daily for 12 weeks in patients with OA-related pain.

Comment on controlling dental post-operative pain and the intraoral local delivery of drugs.

The results of numerous double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials consistently demonstrate that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs should be the first line agents in treating postsurgical dental pain. Additive and potential opioid-sparing effects have also been reported in oral surgery pain by combining an optimal dose of an NSAID with acetaminophen 500 mg. While opioid combination drugs are indicated in some dental postsurgical patients, clinicians can no longer ignore the scourge of prescription opioid abuse in the United States.

Detrimental role of hyperuricemia on the cardio-reno-vascular system.

A bulk of evidence now exists that links gout with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. However, continuing doubt remains as to whether hyperuricemia can be truly considered an independent major CV risk factor. In fact, many gouty patients who develop major CV and renal events also possess several traditional CV risk factors, the presence of which can potentially confound any relationship between gout and adverse CV events.

Stroke associated with discontinuation of warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association between warfarin discontinuation and stroke among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

Research Design And Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of adult NVAF patients (≥ 18 years) who were on warfarin in the Truven MarketScan commercial claims and encounters and Medicare supplemental and coordination of benefits databases (1 January 2008 to 30 June 2012). Warfarin discontinuation was defined as a gap of ≥ 45 days in warfarin prescription within 1 year after initiation.

Daily costs of hospitalization in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients treated with anticoagulant therapy.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disturbance in the US, with an estimated prevalence of 2.7-6.1 million persons in 2010.

Effect of adjustable gastric banding on quality of life and weight loss in the Helping Evaluate Reduction in Obesity (HERO) registry study: 2 year analysis.

Objective: This report from the Helping Evaluate Reduction in Obesity (HERO) Study investigated weight loss, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and factors predictive of HRQOL improvement during a 2 year period following Lap-Band AP implantation (post-LBAP).

Research Design And Methods: This prospective, observational study included patients with 1 and 2 year follow-up data post-LBAP (N = 585). Changes in body mass index (BMI), percentage of weight loss (%WL), excess weight loss (%EWL) and HRQOL (Impact of Weight on Quality of Life [IWQOL]-Lite measure), and differences between <30% EWL and ≥30% EWL subgroups were assessed at 1 and 2 years post-LBAP.

A PCT algorithm for discontinuation of antibiotic therapy is a cost-effective way to reduce antibiotic exposure in adult intensive care patients with sepsis.

Objective: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a specific marker for differentiating bacterial from non-infective causes of inflammation. It can be used to guide initiation and duration of antibiotic therapy in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with suspected sepsis, and might reduce the duration of hospital stay. Limiting antibiotic treatment duration is highly important because antibiotic over-use may cause patient harm, prolonged hospital stay, and resistance development.

Derivation and validation of the In-hospital Mortality for PulmonAry embolism using Claims daTa (IMPACT) prediction rule.

Introduction: Existing prediction rules for prospectively prognosticating early mortality following pulmonary embolism (PE) require clinical and/or laboratory data, and are rarely suitable for claims database analyses. We sought to develop a claims-based prediction rule that retrospectively classifies PE patients into low- or higher-risk in-hospital mortality categories.

Materials And Methods: We randomly assigned MarketScan database patient admitted for PE between April 2010 and September 2013 into derivation (80%) and validation (20%) cohorts.