Intensity of K Decay Fluctuations an Indicator of an Environmental Factor Determining Infradian Rhythms of Mouse Motor Activity, Circulating Cortisol in Rabbits, and Proliferation of L-929 Cultured Cells.

The multi-day dynamics of the intensity of K decay fluctuations was compared with motor activity of laboratory mice, circulating cortisol in rabbits, and proliferation of fibroblast-like cultured cells L-929. A positive correlation was established between the intensity of decay fluctuations on the one hand, and total daily motor activity in mice and plasma cortisol level in rabbits, on the other hand. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between K decay fluctuations and proliferative activity of the cultured cells.

Is African non-annual killifish Fundulopanchax gardneri (Teleostei; Cyprinodontiformes; Nothobranchiidae) true non-annual?

Background: Annual or seasonal killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) are unique among fish in their ability to enter into developmental arrests (diapauses: DI, DII, and DIII). They have a short lifespan and their embryos are exceptionally tolerant to a variety of environmental stresses. These traits make them a popular model for studying vertebrate diapause, aging, stress tolerance, genome adaptation, and evolution.

Molecular and morphological screening of spp. (Trematoda: Opecoelidae) sheds light on their diversity in Northwest Pacific and eastern European Arctic.

is a genus of marine opecoelid digeneans that parasitize a wide variety of fish as adults. We present the first phylogenetic analysis of several isolates using nuclear 28S rDNA and mitochondrial 1 DNA regions. New sequences were obtained for specimens from fish caught in the Sea of Okhotsk and the White Sea.

Are population cycles recovering?

The dynamics of populations of small mammals of Central Siberia was analyzed. The studies were carried out at the Yenisei ecological station "Mirnoye" of the A.N.

Running, jumping, hunting, and scavenging: Functional analysis of vertebral mobility and backbone properties in carnivorans.

Carnivorans are well-known for their exceptional backbone mobility, which enables them to excel in fast running and long jumping, leading to them being among the most successful predators amongst terrestrial mammals. This study presents the first large-scale analysis of mobility throughout the presacral region of the vertebral column in carnivorans. The study covers representatives of 6 families, 24 genera and 34 species.

Metapopulation Structure of Two Species of Pikeworm (, Cestoda) Parasitizing the Postglacial Fish Community in an Oligotrophic Lake.

In the present study, we estimated the levels of infestation of the main fish species that are hosts for two species: and . The prevalence of and infestations in the intestine of their definitive host-pike was similar (71.0% and 77.

The High-Low Arctic boundary: How is it determined and where is it located?

Geobotanical subdivision of landcover is a baseline for many studies. The High-Low Arctic boundary is considered to be of fundamental natural importance. The wide application of different delimitation schemes in various ecological studies and climatic scenarios raises the following questions: (i) What are the common criteria to define the High and Low Arctic? (ii) Could human impact significantly change the distribution of the delimitation criteria? (iii) Is the widely accepted temperature criterion still relevant given ongoing climate change? and (iv) Could we locate the High-Low Arctic boundary by mapping these criteria derived from modern open remote sensing and climatic data? Researchers rely on common criteria for geobotanical delimitation of the Arctic.

Monaural and dichotic forward masking in the dolphin's auditory system.

Short-latency auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded non-invasively in the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. The stimuli were two sound clicks that were played either monaurally (both clicks to one and the same acoustic window) or dichotically (the leading stimulus (masker) to one acoustic window and the delayed stimulus (test) to the other window). The ratio of the levels of the two stimuli was 0, 10, or 20 dB (at 10 and 20 dB, the leading stimulus was of a higher level).

Primary Screening of Microorganisms against (Chitwood, 1949) under the Conditions of Laboratory and Vegetative Tests on Tomato.

Highly adapted obligate endoparasites of the root system, root-knot nematodes ( spp.), cause great damage to agricultural crops. Our research is aimed at the assessment of nematicidal activity and effectiveness of antagonist fungal and bacterial strains against the most common type of root-knot nematode in the south of Russia.

Anti-stokes fluorescence of phycobilisome and its complex with the orange carotenoid protein.

Phycobilisomes (PBSs) are giant water-soluble light-harvesting complexes of cyanobacteria and red algae, consisting of hundreds of phycobiliproteins precisely organized to deliver the energy of absorbed light to chlorophyll chromophores of the photosynthetic electron-transport chain. Quenching the excess of excitation energy is necessary for the photoprotection of photosynthetic apparatus. In cyanobacteria, quenching of PBS excitation is provided by the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP), which is activated under high light conditions.

Rapid hyperthyroidism-induced adaptation of salmonid fish in response to environmental pollution.

The streams draining volcanic landscapes are often characterized by a complex series of factors that negatively affect hydrobionts and lead to declines in their populations. However, in a number of cases, a range of rapid adaptive changes ensure the resilience of hydrobiont populations. Here, we present both field and experimental data shedding light on the physiological basis of adaptation to heavy metal contamination in populations of Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) differing in duration of isolation in volcanic streams.

Speciation and repeated origins of hypertrophied lips in parallel adaptive radiations of cyprinid fish from East Africa.

The evolution of convergent phenotypes is one of the most interesting phenomena of repeated adaptive radiations. Here, we examined the repeated patterns of thick-lipped or "rubberlip" phenotype of cyprinid fish of the genus discovered in riverine environments of the Ethiopian Highlands, East Africa. To test the adaptive value of thickened lips, identify the ecological niche of the thick-lipped ecomorphs, and test whether these ecomorphs are the products of adaptive divergence, we studied six sympatric pairs of ecomorphs with hypertrophied lips and the normal lip structure from different riverine basins.

Monitoring of carbon-water fluxes at Eurasian meteorological stations using random forest and remote sensing.

Simulating the carbon-water fluxes at more widely distributed meteorological stations based on the sparsely and unevenly distributed eddy covariance flux stations is needed to accurately understand the carbon-water cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. We established a new framework consisting of machine learning, determination coefficient (R), Euclidean distance, and remote sensing (RS), to simulate the daily net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) and water flux (WF) of the Eurasian meteorological stations using a random forest model or/and RS. The daily NEE and WF datasets with RS-based information (NEE-RS and WF-RS) for 3774 and 4427 meteorological stations during 2002-2020 were produced, respectively.

Untangling the evolution of soldier beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) and the evaluation of the morphological phylogenetic signal in a soft-bodied elateroid lineage.

This study addresses the long-standing uncertainty about the internal classification of soldier beetles (Elateroidea: Cantharidae). Four datasets were compiled and analysed: 66 genes for 14 terminals, 15 mtDNA genes for 79 terminals, one mtDNA and two rRNA genes for 217 terminals, and barcodes for 576 terminals. Based on congruent topologies, Chauliognathinae is proposed as a sister to the remaining Cantharidae, followed by the redefined Malthininae (including Tytthonyxini), the paraphyletic "dysmorphocerine" lineages (Dysmorphocerinae sensu stricto and Heteromastiginae subfam.

Correction: Ryss, A.Y.; Subbotin, S.A. New Records of Wood- and Bark-Inhabiting Nematodes from Woody Plants with a Description of sp. n. (Aphelenchoididae: Parasitaphelenchinae) from Russia. 2023, , 382.

In the original publication [...

Ancient DNA re-opens the question of the phylogenetic position of the Sardinian pika Prolagus sardus (Wagner, 1829), an extinct lagomorph.

Palaeogenomics is contributing to refine our understanding of many major evolutionary events at an unprecedented resolution, with relevant impacts in several fields, including phylogenetics of extinct species. Few extant and extinct animal species from Mediterranean regions have been characterised at the DNA level thus far. The Sardinian pika, Prolagus sardus (Wagner, 1829), was an iconic lagomorph species that populated Sardinia and Corsica and became extinct during the Holocene.

A 108-h total sleep deprivation did not impair fur seal performance in delayed matching to sample task.

While the majority of studies have concluded that sleep deprivation causes detrimental effects on various cognitive processes, some studies reported conflicting results. We examined the effects of a 108-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) on working memory in the northern fur seal, an animal with unusual sleep phenomenology and long-range annual migrations. The performance of fur seals was evaluated in a two-choice visual delayed matching to sample (DMTS) task, which is commonly used to evaluate working memory.

A new discovery in the permafrost of Yakutia sheds light on the nasal horn morphology of the woolly rhinoceros.

Extinct woolly rhinoceroses were iconic representatives of the Late Pleistocene mammoth fauna of Eurasia. These animals were characterized by two huge keratinous horns. In adults, the length of the nasal horn often exceeded one meter.

Visualization of electric fields and associated behavior in fish and other aquatic animals.

In some fish lineages, evolution has led to unique sensory adaptations that provide information which is not available to terrestrial animals. These sensory systems include, among others, electroreception, which together with the ability of fish to generate electric discharges plays a role in social communication and object location. Most studies on electric phenomena in aquatic animals are dedicated to selected groups of electric fishes that regularly generate electric signals (Mormyriformes, Gymnotiformes).

Morphological and Molecular Diversity among Pin Nematodes of the Genus (Nematoda: Paratylenchidae) from Florida and Other Localities and Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus.

Pin nematodes ( spp.) are root parasites found worldwide. They have different life cycles and feeding habits and can damage a wide range of plants.

Detection and attribution of an anomaly in terrestrial photosynthesis in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Carbon dioxide (CO) uptake by plant photosynthesis, referred to as gross primary production (GPP) at the ecosystem level, is sensitive to environmental factors, including pollutant exposure, pollutant uptake, and changes in the scattering of solar shortwave irradiance (SW) - the energy source for photosynthesis. The 2020 spring lockdown due to COVID-19 resulted in improved air quality and atmospheric transparency, providing a unique opportunity to assess the impact of air pollutants on terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, detecting these effects can be challenging as GPP is influenced by other meteorological drivers and management practices.

Effect of Heliogeophysical and Atmospheric Factors on the Degree of Synchronization of Ultradian Rhythms of Body Temperature in Mice.

In a long-term (8 months) study, we examined the degree of synchronization of ultradian body temperature oscillations of two isolated groups of mice kept under constant dim illumination. In most cases, the periods of increased activity accompanied by rapid elevation of body temperature coincided in these groups of mice, but in some days, no significant synchronization between the examined parameters was observed. Analysis of the effects of environmental factors on the degree of synchronization of ultradian rhythms in mice revealed association of this parameter with the dynamics of atmospheric pressure (AtmP) and to a lesser extent with the vertical component of interplanetary magnetic field Bz.

Bone calcification rate as a factor of craniofacial transformations in salmonid fish: Insights from an experiment with hormonal treatment of calcium metabolism.

Adaptation to different environments can be achieved by physiological shifts throughout development. Hormonal regulators shape the physiological and morphological traits of the evolving animals making them fit for the particular ecological surroundings. We hypothesized that the artificially induced hypersynthesis of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone mutually influencing calcium metabolism could affect bone formation during early ontogeny in fish imitating the heterochrony in craniofacial ossification in natural adaptive morphs.

The remarkable Ponto-Caspian amphipod diversity of the lower Durso River (SW Caucasus) with the description of Litorogammarus dursi gen. et sp. nov.

The first insight into the unexpectedly diverse amphipod assemblage of the Durso River (Novorossiysk area) in the SW mountainous pre-Caucasian area is presented. The presence of six species is revealed, including three new records for the area and one species new to science. The phylogenetic relationships of all studied species and their relatives were examined based on the divergence of the COI mtDNA gene marker (barcoding).

A new species of the genus Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853 (Cladocera: Daphnidae) from Eastern Siberia (Russia) that combines morphological features of two species groups.

Taxa of the genus Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853 (Cladocera: Daphniidae) are ubiquitous in temperate and tropical lakes, and the taxonomy of the genus is confused. Moreover, present keys are often regional and insufficient for the taxonomic assignment of species at a global scale. This communication is aimed at improving our understanding of the C.