Dynamic Restructuring of the Myocardial Mitochondria in Response to Uridine Modulation of the Activity of Mitochondrial ATP-Dependent Potassium Channel under Conditions of Acute Hypoxic Hypoxia.

We studied the effects of in vivo modulation of activity of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mitoK) by uridine on the morphofunctional state of mitochondria in rat cardiomyocytes under conditions of acute hypoxia. Preinjection of uridine to animals reduced the number of structurally modified mitochondria, but had practically no effect on their morphogenesis after hypoxia. Uridine in vivo stimulated the formation of micromitochondria and their release into the cytoplasm.

Effects of NF-κB blocker curcumin on oogenesis and immunocompetent organ cells in immune ovarian injury in mice.

Immunization of CBA mice with extracts from the ovaries of outbred albino mouse led to disorders in meiotic maturation of oocytes, enhanced death of immunocompetent cells in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes mainly by necrosis, and promoted the development of inflammatory reaction, as was shown by complete blood count. Treatment with activation inhibitor NF-κB curcumin against the background of immunization significantly reduced disorders in meiotic maturation of oocytes, decreased the number of cells dying by necrosis in immunocompetent organs, and attenuated the inflammatory reaction.

Effects of different modes of interval hypoxic training on morphological characteristics and antioxidant status of heart and lung tissues.

The effects of various modes of interval hypoxic training differing by the intensity and duration of hypoxic exposure on the morphology and antioxidant status of the heart and lung tissues were studied. Interval hypoxic training mode with more severe, but shorter hypoxic component led to the prooxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the myocardial and lung tissues, which was paralleled by significant disorders in their morphology and function. Moderate hypoxic exposure of different duration promoted the maintenance of optimum antioxidant homeostasis and development of compensatory adaptive changes in tissue structure.

Estradiol-dependent effect of nitric oxide on meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes.

Estradiol dipropionate decreased the number of oocytes in mouse ovary and suppressed meiotic maturation of these cells. Administration of NO donors sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine increased the ability of ovarian oocytes to complete meiotic maturation and counteracted the effect of estradiol dipropionate. Our results suggest that estradiol is involved in the regulation of production and release of ovarian NO.

Dopaminergic modulation of spike activity in sensorimotor cortex neurons in a conditioned reflex.

Changes in the spike conditioned reflex reactions of sensorimotor cortex neurons during microiontophoretic application of agonists and antagonists of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission and their modulation by dopamine were studied. A paradoxical reaction is described, consisting of facilitation of spike responses evoked by antagonists of ionotropic glutamate transmission, which was blocked by GABA. This is evidence for the active involvement of inhibition in organizing the excitatory responses of neurons in the conditioned reflex.

Low oxygen [correction of oxygene] tension may defence the bone tissue from unloading simulated osteopenia.

The main task of the present study is to investigate the influences of normobaric gas mixture with lowered PO2 (90-110 mm Hg) on the bones metabolism in rats after hind limb unloaded (HLU). We observed increased the glycosaminoglicans (GAG) concentration in blood serum rats with hind limb unloaded in atmospheric air (AA). An increased activity of acid phosphatase (AcP) and tartratresistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) in blood serum of rats after HLU was observed.

[Effect of polymer material thermal destruction products on external respiration and acid-base status of blood].

In experiments on white laboratory rats the influence of fluor-, cyan- and sulfur-containing gaseous products, formed under thermodestruction of synthetic materials in normal and high environmental temperature on external respiration and some parameters of acid-base blood values was investigated. It was shown, that external respiration, due to considerable it depression, could not compensate neither hypoxic state, accompanied by hypoxemia, nor hypercapnia and acidosis, developed under the influence of toxic agents both in normal environmental temperature and in hyperthermia.

[Mechanisms of nitric oxide activity in cardiovascular system as a basis of pathogenetic therapy of related diseases].

General characteristics and mechanisms of effects of nitric oxide (NO) and its role in the development of pathology are reviewed. Presented are the data about NO participation in the regulation of circulation and cardiovascular system; NO-dependent mechanism of regulation of cardiovascular reactivity against the background of dysfunction of endothelium; cGMP-independent mechanism of NO effect upon Ca homeostasis and the sensitivity of myofibrils of smooth muscle cells to Ca ions; pharmacological correction of disturbances of NO metabolism and related endothelial dysfunction; role of age changes of the endothelial function in the development of cardiovascular pathology.

[Experimental approach to the prophylaxis and treatment of acute lung injury syndrome with proteinase inhibitors and corvitin].

The results of a combined study of the proteolysis on a model of post-ischemic toxemia in rats showed a decrease in antiproteinase potential and an activation of proteolysis. The activation of proteolysis and inhibition of antiproteinases was observed not only in the blood, but also in the bronchoalveolar secretion. Those changes were accompanied with the changes in the morphological structure of the lungs.

[Infrared sweat secretion stimulation as a means of homeostatic correction in patients with kidney dysfunction].

The clinical and laboratory investigation was done on 40 patients with kidney disfunction (glomerulonefritis), treated by standard medicines with regulary infrared total body heating (from 15-20 to 40 min) daily during 10 days. Control group of 37 patients, was treated only by standard medicines. The thermochambers construction forces the possibility of normal temperature air breathing under the radial skin heating to 50-60 degrees C.

The effects of activation of glutamate ionotropic connections of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex in a conditioned reflex.

Changes in conditioned reflex spike activity of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex were studied during microiontophoretic application of agonists and antagonists of glutamate and GABAergic transmission. The results of these experiments showed that the glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPA and NMDA) of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex were intensely activated by the arrival of a conditioned signal in the cortex. This response included not only large pyramidal neurons of the deep cortical layers, but also the surrounding inhibitory interneurons.

Acetylcholine and ATP hyperpolarize endothelium via activation of different types of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels.

Experiments on rat thoracic aorta showed that ATP and acetylcholine hyperpolarize endothelial cell via selective activation of low (SK) and intermediate (IR) conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+)channels, respectively. It was hypothesized that ATP- and acetylcholine-activated Ca(2+)-signals are spatially separated and generated in plasma membrane regions with predominant localization of SK- and IR-channels, respectively.

Age-related changes in electrical reactions of rat aorta endothelium elicited by acetylcholine and ATP.

Age-related changes in some electrophysiological parameters of the endothelium in isolated rat aorta were studied. In comparison with young rats (6 months), resting potential of the endothelium in aged rats (24-26 months) was significantly higher and varied in a wider range. The electrical responses of intact endothelium of isolated aorta to acetylcholine were typical and regular in young rats, while in aged rats these responses were irregular and atypical.

The water-soluble vitamin E analogue Trolox protects against ischaemia/reperfusion damage in vitro and ex vivo. A comparison with vitamin E.

We investigated the activities, both in vitro and ex vivo, of the water-soluble vitamin analogue Trolox in a model of isolated heart ischaemia-reperfusion and we compared them with those of alpha -tocopherol. Isolated rat hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution. For in vitro experiments, the hearts were perfused with Trolox (20 micromol l (-1)) and were subsequently subjected to 20 min of global ischaemia and 40 min of post-ischaemic reperfusion.

[Effects of nitric oxide donor SIN-1 on calcium transport in rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum].

The effects of non-enzymatic disintegration of SIN-1 products (nitric oxide, superoxide anion and peroxynitrite) on Ca(2+)-transport of sarcoplasmic reticulum were studied on homogenates of rats myocardium. It was shown that SIN-1 (30 microM) exerts a significant activating effect on ryanodine-sensitive calcium channels resulted in three-fold increase of Ca2+ release rate via these channels. Such effect of SIN-1 realized mainly by nitric oxide effect and, partially, superoxide radical.

Role of nitric oxide in ovulation, meiotic maturation of oocytes, and implantation in mice.

Nitric oxide synthase blockers inhibited meiotic maturation of oocytes, decreased the count of oocytes during hormonal stimulation of superovulation, and increased embryonic death in experimental females mated with intact males.

[Inhibitors of arginase in the L-arginine metabolic pathway as a new class of antihypertensive drugs: effect of carbamide on lipid oxidative metabolism and on vessel tonus during arterial hypertension].

Have studied action of chronic urea--an arginase inhibitor--introduction (40 mg/kg, 28 days) on blood pressure, endothelium-dependent reactions of aorta smooth muscle cells (SMC) and nonenzymatic (contents of diene conjugates and H2O2) and enzymatic (contents of free arachidonic acid and vasoconstrictic eicosanoids LTC4 and TXA2) oxidizing lipid metabolism of heart, aorta, plasma and erythrocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Have shown, that urea down regulate blood pressure without any normalization of endothelium-dependent reactions of SMC of aorta and down regulate both enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxidizing lipid metabolism. Down regulation of two alternative (by cyclooxygenase and by lipoxygenase) enzymatic pathways of free arachidonic acid oxidizing metabolism by urea can be one of mechanisms of its antihypertensive action.

[Effect of cumulus and granulosa cells on meiosis resumption in murine oocytes in vitro].

Effects of different follicular cell types on resumption of meiosis were studied. Cumulus enclosed oocytes (CEO), denuded oocytes (DO), cumulus cells (CCs) and mural granulosa cells (GCs) were used. Oocytes were obtained from mature gonadotrophin-stimulated and unstimulated mice.

Modulation of the spike activity of neocortex neurons during a conditioned reflex.

Experiments were conducted on cats to study the effects of iontophoretic application of glutamate and a number of modulators on the spike activity of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex during a conditioned reflex. These studies showed that glutamate, as well as exerting a direct influence on neuron spike activity, also had a delayed facilitatory action lasting 10-20 min after iontophoresis was finished. Adrenomimetics were found to have a double modulatory effect on intracortical glutamate connections: inhibitory and facilitatory effects were mediated by beta1 and beta2 adrenoceptors respectively.

[The effect of measured hypoxia on the development of situational osteopenia].

The influence of gas mixture with low PO2 (90-110 mm Hg) on calcium-phosphorus metabolism and biomechanical properties of femur bones at rats, who were kept under condition of hind-limb unloading during 28-days, has been studied. Loss of calcium and phosphorus during a day was less in rats, who was received gas mixture with lower PO2, than rats who was kept in condition of hind-limb unloading only. Hypoxic gas mixture stabilized mechanical properties of bones tissue in femoral bone of rats.

[The effect of a grape extract on the contractile activity of the myocardium and on the coronary flow of the isolated guinea pig heart].

Effects of one of the fraction of grape extract on myocardial contractility and coronary flow of isolated guinea pig heart have been investigated. It was shown that the administration of grape extract led to myocardial contractility index is increase by 77%, coronary flow increase by 13% and oxygen consumption increase by 30%. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by L-NMMA resulted in decrease of grape extract-induced coronary flow increase.

[The in-vitro resumption of meiotic maturation and of the first polar body by mouse oocytes at different stages of the estrous cycle].

Resumption of the meiotic maturation and extruded the first polar body of the murine oocytes was registered at 2 and 14 hours under culturing in the medium containing 1.7 mM Ca2+. There were differences between the groups in the percentage of GV oocytes with zona pellucida that acquired competence to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at 2 hr time point 22.

[The characteristics of the morphofunctional status of 15- to 17-year-old youths based on a comprehensive assessment of the rates of their biological development].

There were studied individual typological peculiarities of the genesis of the genesis of 15-17 years old boys, the state of their respiration and their heart activities. According to these experiments there was stated the possibility of the complex appreciation of the biological tempos of genesis of the senior grades' pupils on the bases of physical and somatic genesis and sexual maturity. As a result of such differentiation of 15-17 year old boys there will appear 3 typological groups--fast, normal and slow types of genesis which quite differ by the majority of grades.

[A new class of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor agonists and antagonists--derivatives of imidazole-4,5- and pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acids].

New agonists and antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors were found among the derivatives of 1- or 2-alkyl-substituted imidazole-4,5- and pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acids. Lipophilic surrounding of the nitrogen atom in these compounds was found to determine their ability to be either agonists or antagonists, while the distance between the terminal acidic functions was the same. An increase in the lipophilicity can also cause loss of selective action upon the NMDA receptors and occurrence of non- NMDA antagonistic activity.