Metabolomic profiling identifies signatures and biomarkers linking air pollution to dementia risk: A prospective cohort study.

Exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased dementia. However, it remains unknown what specific metabolic mechanisms play a role in this relationship. We included 192,300 dementia-free participants from the UK Biobank cohort study.

Reach and Weight Loss Among Comparison Group Participants Who Enrolled in the Active Intervention After a Diabetes Prevention Trial.

We examined participation rates, engagement, and weight-loss outcomes of comparison group participants in a diabetes prevention trial who enrolled in a digitally delivered diabetes prevention program (ie, an active intervention) after the original trial ended. We evaluated these outcomes by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and 1-sample z test. We found a high participation rate (73%) among comparison group participants and comparable weight-loss outcomes at 12 months (6.

Comparing bullying to ACEs in the national survey of children's health: Examining 2016-2019 prevalence trends among children and adolescents.

Objectives: To estimate adverse childhood experience (ACE) prevalence among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the United States, to examine factors influencing the prevalence of ACEs over the time period 2016-2019, and to examine the difference in bullying trends compared to ACEs in the NSCH.

Participants And Setting: The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) is a cross-sectional survey. Participants included respondents who completed the separate surveys for ages 6-11 and 12-17 from 2016 to 2019.

Factors Associated with Arkansans' First Use of Telehealth during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To examine the factors associated with the first use of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic using Andersen's Model of Healthcare Utilization. Andersen's Model of Healthcare Utilization allowed the categorization of the independent variables into the following: (1) predisposing factors, including sociodemographic variables and health beliefs; (2) enabling factors, including socioeconomic status and access to care; and (3) need for care, including preexisting or newly diagnosed conditions and reasons to seek out care or to utilize a new mode of care.

Methods: Potential respondents ( = 4,077) were identified for recruitment from a volunteer registry in Arkansas.

Estimates of a multidimensional index of nurturing care in the next 1000 days of life for children in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study.

Background: Nurturing care is crucial for children's ongoing development during the pre-primary education period, or the next 1000 days of life. We generated nationally representative prevalence estimates of access to ten basic indicators of nurturing care among children aged 3-4 years in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: We applied multiple imputation and predictive modelling to data on children living in LMICs.

Characterizing evolving frameworks: issues from Esmail et al. (2020) review.

There are complex issues in understanding and categorizing implementation science theories, models, and frameworks. Systematic reviews of these models are important undertakings for synthesizing current knowledge. The issues involved are even more challenging when reviewing a large number of frameworks and when some of the frameworks have evolved significantly over time.

Provider reported implementation of nutrition-related practices in childcare centers and family childcare homes in rural and urban Nebraska.

Approximately 15 million children under age 6 are in childcare settings, offering childcare providers an opportunity to influence children's dietary intake. Childcare settings vary in organizational structure - childcare centers (CCCs) vs. family childcare homes (FCCHs) - and in geographical location - urban vs.

A comparative effectiveness trial of two family-based childhood obesity treatment programs in a medically underserved region: Rationale, design & methods.

While there is a large body of literature documenting the efficacy of family-based childhood obesity (FBCO) treatment interventions, there is little evidence that these interventions have been systematically translated into regular practice - particularly in health disparate regions. To address this research-practice gap, this project was guided by a community advisory board (CAB) and the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework within a systems-based and community-based participatory research approach. Families with overweight or obese children between 5 and 12 years old, in the medically-underserved Dan River Region, were randomly assigned to one of two FBCO treatment programs (iChoose vs.

Common Diagnoses among Refugee Populations: Linked Results with Statewide Hospital Discharge Database.

Background: According to the U.S. State Department's Refugee Processing Center and the U.

Participatory development and pilot testing of iChoose: an adaptation of an evidence-based paediatric weight management program for community implementation.

Background: To describe the identification, adaptation, and testing of an evidence-based pediatric weight management program for a health disparate community.

Methods: A community advisory board (CAB) of decision-makers and staff from local health care, public health, and recreation organizations engaged with academic partners to select an evidence-based program (EBP) for local implementation. Three EBPs were identified (Traffic Light, Bright Bodies, Golan and colleagues Home Environmental Model) and each EBP was rated on program characteristics, implementation and adaptation, and adoptability.

Behavioral and mental health risk factor profiles among diverse primary care patients.

Behavioral and mental health risk factors are prevalent among primary care patients and contribute substantially to premature morbidity and mortality and increased health care utilization and costs. Although prior studies have found most adults screen positive for multiple risk factors, limited research has attempted to identify factors that most commonly co-occur, which may guide future interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of primary care patients with co-occurring risk factors and to examine sociodemographic characteristics associated with these subgroups.

Predicting sugar-sweetened behaviours with theory of planned behaviour constructs: Outcome and process results from the SIPsmartER behavioural intervention.

Objective: Guided by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and health literacy concepts, SIPsmartER is a six-month multicomponent intervention effective at improving SSB behaviours. Using SIPsmartER data, this study explores prediction of SSB behavioural intention (BI) and behaviour from TPB constructs using: (1) cross-sectional and prospective models and (2) 11 single-item assessments from interactive voice response (IVR) technology.

Design: Quasi-experimental design, including pre- and post-outcome data and repeated-measures process data of 155 intervention participants.

The interrelationship between balance, Tai Chi and depression in Latino older adults.

Falls and associated injuries are the most serious medical problem affecting the functional independence among both White non-Hispanics and Latino older adults. Studies have shown the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in reducing falls but have primarily focused on White non-Hispanic older adults. There is limited research that examines the effectiveness of this exercise on balance among different racial/ethnic minority older adults.

Household food insecurity as a determinant of overweight and obesity among low-income Hispanic subgroups: Data from the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey.

An estimated 78% of Hispanics in the United States (US) are overweight or obese. Household food insecurity, a condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food, has been associated with obesity rates among Hispanic adults in the US. However, the Hispanic group is multi-ethnic and therefore associations between obesity and food insecurity may not be constant across Hispanic country of origin subgroups.

Lakota elders' views on traditional versus commercial/addictive tobacco use; oral history depicting a fundamental distinction.

This qualitative study is intended to elucidate Lakota elders' views on traditional tobacco and commercial/addictive tobacco use, capturing the oral history that depict the cultural protocol regarding traditional tobacco, called Cansasa. Commercial tobacco use has significantly impacted the Northern Plains Indians. National surveillance systems report that tobacco use is more prevalent among American Indian/Alaska Natives than any other population, and is notably higher than the national average.

Cigarette prices, cigarette expenditure and smoking-induced deprivation: findings from the International Tobacco Control Mexico survey.

Aim: Mexico implemented annual tax increases between 2009 and 2011. We examined among current smokers the association of price paid per cigarette and daily cigarette expenditure with smoking-induced deprivation (SID) and whether the association of price or expenditure with SID varies by income.

Methods: We used data (n=2410) from three waves of the International Tobacco Control Mexico survey (ie, 2008, 2010, 2011) and employed logistic regression to estimate the association of price paid per cigarette and daily cigarette expenditure with the probability of SID ('In the last 6 months, have you spent money on cigarettes that you knew would be better spent on household essentials like food?').

Association of availability of tobacco products with socio-economic and racial/ethnic characteristics of neighbourhoods.

Objective: To examine the association of neighbourhood median income and racial/ethnic composition with the availability of tobacco products in Omaha Metropolitan Area, Nebraska, USA.

Methods: A total of 94 census tracts were selected at random. The outcome measures were the percentage of stores that sold tobacco and the number of stores that sold tobacco per square mile in each census tract.

The association of tobacco marketing with median income and racial/ethnic characteristics of neighbourhoods in Omaha, Nebraska.

Objective: To examine the association of point-of-sale tobacco marketing with median income and racial/ethnic composition at the neighbourhood level in Omaha Metropolitan Area, Nebraska.

Methods: Fieldworkers collected comprehensive tobacco marketing data from all of the stores that were licensed to sell tobacco in 84 randomly selected neighbourhoods in the Omaha Metropolitan Area, Nebraska.

Results: An increase of $10,000 in median household income was associated with a decrease of 14.

Sustaining evidence-based interventions under real-world conditions: results from a large-scale diffusion project.

This study examined factors associated with the predicted and actual post-funding sustainability of evidence-based interventions implemented as part of the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency's Research-Based Delinquency and Violence Prevention Initiative. Correlates of predicted post-funding sustainability included program staff, overall school support, and school administrator support. Additionally, predicted post-funding sustainability was strongly associated with actual post-funding sustainability.

Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic variations in duration of smoking: results from 2003, 2006 and 2007 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey.

Background: Little is known about racial/ethnic and socioeconomic variations in the duration of smoking. The goal of this research was to examine these variations.

Methods: Data came from the 2003, 2006 and 2007 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey.

Smokers with financial stress are more likely to want to quit but less likely to try or succeed: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey.

Objective: To examine the association of financial stress with interest in quitting smoking, making a quit attempt and quit success.

Design And Participants: The analysis used data from 4984 smokers who participated in waves 4 and 5 (2005-07) of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey, a prospective study of a cohort of smokers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia.

Measurement: The outcomes were interest in quitting at wave 4, making a quit attempt and quit success at wave 5.

Religious traditions and prenatal genetic counseling.

Members of organized religious groups may look to their faith traditions for guidance regarding the moral implications of prenatal diagnosis and intervention. Many denominations have doctrinal statements relevant to these deliberations. In this article, common spiritual issues arising in the genetic counseling encounter are described.

Happiness and life satisfaction prospectively predict self-rated health, physical health, and the presence of limiting, long-term health conditions.

Purpose: To examine the effect of happiness and life satisfaction on health.

Design: Longitudinal data from waves 1 and 3, conducted in 2001 and 2004, respectively, of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey.

Setting: Australia.