An exploration of potential risk factors for gastroschisis using decision tree learning.

Purpose: Despite a wealth of research, the etiology of the abdominal wall defect gastroschisis remains largely unknown. The strongest known risk factor is young maternal age. Our objective was to conduct a hypothesis-generating analysis regarding gastroschisis etiology using random forests.

Comparing bullying to ACEs in the national survey of children's health: Examining 2016-2019 prevalence trends among children and adolescents.

Objectives: To estimate adverse childhood experience (ACE) prevalence among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the United States, to examine factors influencing the prevalence of ACEs over the time period 2016-2019, and to examine the difference in bullying trends compared to ACEs in the NSCH.

Participants And Setting: The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) is a cross-sectional survey. Participants included respondents who completed the separate surveys for ages 6-11 and 12-17 from 2016 to 2019.

Cross-sectional analysis of primary care clinics' policies, practices, and availability of patient support services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Healthcare accessibility and utilization are important social determinants of health. Lack of access to healthcare, including missed or no-show appointments, can have negative health effects and be costly to patients and providers. Various office-based approaches and community partnerships can address patient access barriers.

Effects of Interventions for Improving Awareness and Knowledge of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Chinese Young Adults for Prevention of Liver Cancer-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Chinese young adults (CYA), who are at an increasing risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which in turn increases the risk of liver cancer, are an ideal target population to deliver educational interventions to improve their awareness and knowledge of NAFLD and consequently reduce their risk of developing NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of two interventions to improve awareness and knowledge of NAFLD among CYA for the prevention of liver cancer. Between May and July 2021, 1373 undergraduate students aged 18 to 25 years in one university in China completed a web-based, self-administered survey distributed through WeChat app.

Exploratory analysis of the spatial distribution of adult glioma age-adjusted county incidence rates, Nebraska Medicine, 2009-2019.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) cancers including gliomas have low incidence but high mortality. The age-adjusted incidence rate for CNS cancers is higher in Nebraska than nationally. This exploratory study was motivated by glioma patient inquiries about possible clustering of cases within the state to see if more in-depth investigation was warranted.

African American and Hispanic Cancer Survivors' and Caregivers' Experiences in Nebraska.

Racial and ethnic minority populations experience poorer cancer outcomes compared to non-Hispanic White populations, but qualitative studies have typically focused on single subpopulations. We explored experiences, perceptions, and attitudes toward cancer care services across the care continuum from screening through treatment among African American and Hispanic residents of Nebraska to identify unique needs for education, community outreach, and quality improvement. We conducted four focus groups (N = 19), April-August 2021 with people who were aged 30 or older and who self-identified as African American or Hispanic and as cancer survivors or caregivers.

Rural-urban otolaryngologic observational workforce analysis: The state of Nebraska.

Objective: To analyze the rural-urban access to otolaryngology (OHNS) care within the state of Nebraska.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Counties in Nebraska were categorized into rural versus urban status based upon the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics urban-rural classification scheme with I indicating most urban and VI indicating most rural.

The Behavioral Health Education Center of Nebraska: A Creative Solution to a Persistent Behavioral Health Workforce Shortage.

States all across the United States are experiencing a shortage in their behavioral health workforces. Although many studies have suggested factors that contribute to or mitigate the shortage-particularly in rural and underserved areas-no nationwide guidance exists on best practices to develop a behavioral health workforce that can meet community need. The Behavioral Health Education of Nebraska (BHECN) can serve as an exemplar for others looking to take a multifaceted approach to develop the behavioral health workforce in their community.

Utilizing Advocacy to Promote the Adoption and Implementation of Medicaid Policies That Increase Insurance Coverage Among Adolescents.

Purpose: The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth report recommends several Medicaid policies to increase insurance coverage among adolescents: approve Medicaid expansion; eliminate the 5-year Medicaid waiting period for lawfully present adolescent immigrants; increase Medicaid reimbursement rates for adolescent health services to the level of Medicare; and ensure coverage and sufficient reimbursement of comprehensive health services. We designed this study to identify key advocates and factors relevant to adoption and implementation of the recommended Medicaid policies in Nebraska to highlight opportunities for additional advocacy.

Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews January 2022 with 28 adolescent health and health-care access experts in Nebraska, including representatives from health care, education, government, and nonprofit sectors.

Antimicrobial stewardship in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review protocol on the opportunities and challenges for Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains one of the leading threats to global public health and this may increase following COVID-19 pandemic. This is particularly the case in Africa where regulations on antimicrobial usage are weak. This protocol outlines the steps to undertake a systematic review to synthesize evidence on drivers of AMR and evaluate existing approaches to strengthening antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Factors associated with delaying medical care: cross-sectional study of Nebraska adults.

Background: Delayed medical care may result in adverse health outcomes and increased cost. Our purpose was to identify factors associated with delayed medical care in a primarily rural state.

Methods: Using a stratified random sample of 5,300 Nebraska households, we conducted a cross-sectional mailed survey with online response option (27 October 2020 to 8 March 2021) in English and Spanish.

Cancer signs and risk factors awareness in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a population-based survey.

Background: There is a paucity of data on public awareness of cancer in Ethiopia. This study assessed cancer signs, symptoms, and risk factors awareness among individuals aged 18 and older in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method: A population-based face-to-face interview was conducted applying a validated cancer awareness measure (CAM) tool.

Differential methylation patterns in lean and obese non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects about 24% of the world's population and may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While more common in those that are obese, NASH-HCC can develop in lean individuals. The mechanisms by which HCC develops and the role of epigenetic changes in the context of obesity and normal weight are not well understood.

The roles of sleep and executive function in adolescent nighttime eating.

Nighttime eating has been associated with obesity, inflammation, and poor nutritional intake, yet correlates of this behavior are understudied in pediatric populations and among adolescents in particular. The current study examines modifiable factors related to nighttime eating, including sleep parameters and regulatory abilities-as well as the interplay between these constructs-in adolescents. A total of 223 adolescents (M = 15.

The Behavioral Health Education Center of Nebraska: A Creative Solution to a Persistent Behavioral Health Workforce Shortage.

States all across the United States are experiencing a shortage in their behavioral health workforces. Although many studies have suggested factors that contribute to or mitigate the shortage-particularly in rural and underserved areas-no nationwide guidance exists on best practices to develop a behavioral health workforce that can meet community need. The Behavioral Health Education of Nebraska (BHECN) can serve as an exemplar for others looking to take a multifaceted approach to develop the behavioral health workforce in their community.

Social disorganization and new HIV diagnoses, 2013-2017, Florida: Rural-urban differences.

Purpose: To compare the role of neighborhood social disorganization factors on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis rates in urban and rural areas in Florida, we conducted an ecologic study of HIV diagnosis rates during 2013-2017 and social disorganization components, including concentrated disadvantage, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential instability.

Methods: Indices of social disorganization components were obtained from principal component analyses of American Community Survey variables for 910 postal codes. Rural/urban classification was based on the United States Department of Agriculture Rural Urban Commuting Area codes.

Beyond the supermarket: analyzing household shopping trip patterns that include food at home and away from home retailers.

Background: Modifying a household's food environment by targeting a single retailer type, like supermarkets, has a limited impact on dietary outcomes. This may be because the food environment has a limited impact on shopping behaviors, or because households are not as reliant on supermarkets as we assume. However, our understanding of how households shop for food, especially when considering the use of both food at home (FAH) retailers, such as supermarkets, and away from home retailers (FAFH), such as restaurants, is limited.

Hepatitis B seroprevalence in the U.S. military and its impact on potential screening strategies.

Introduction: Knowledge of the contemporary epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among military personnel can inform potential Department of Defense (DoD) screening policy and infection and disease control strategies.

Materials And Methods: HBV infection status at accession and following deployment was determined by evaluating reposed serum from 10,000 service members recently deployed to combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan in the period from 2007 to 2010. A cost model was developed from the perspective of the Department of Defense for a program to integrate HBV infection screening of applicants for military service into the existing screening program of screening new accessions for vaccine-preventable infections.

Investigating traffic fatality trends and restraint use among rear-seat passengers in the United States, 2000-2016.

Introduction: Motor-vehicle crash is one of the leading causes of unintentional injury death in the United States. Previous studies focused on fatalities among drivers and front-seat passengers, with a limited number of studies examining rear-seat passenger fatalities. The objectives of this study were to assess trends in rear-seat passenger motor-vehicle fatalities in the United States from 2000 to 2016 and to identify demographic factors associated with being unrestrained among fatally injured rear-seat passengers.

Identifying "Vulnerable Agricultural Populations" at Risk for Occupational Injuries and Illnesses: A European Perspective.

A common understanding of the term "vulnerable populations" in the European agricultural context is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to identify vulnerable populations working in European agriculture. Participatory dialogue with members of the Safety Culture and Risk Management in Agriculture (SACURIMA) network was used to identify and build consensus on the major vulnerable groups of people who work in European agriculture.

A Cross-sectional Study of Gender-related Differences in Reporting Fatigue and Pain among Latino/A Migrant Farmworkers.

: Migrant farmworkers face many hardships in both their working and living environments including dangerous and demanding tasks, long hours, and inadequate rest. This study sought to explore gender differences in the reporting of fatigue and pain and to identify predictors of fatigue and pain among migrant farmworkers in Nebraska (n = 241). : Bivariate tests were used to assess associations among study variables.

Awareness of human papilloma virus and cervical cancer prevention among Cypriot female healthcare workers.

Background: Cervical cancer incidence varies around the world with the highest rates in Eastern Africa and the lowest rates in Western Asia. In Cyprus, a small Mediterranean island, cervical cancer incidence was 6.4 per 100,000 in 2013.