Stabilization of small organic molecules on VC and VCO MXenes: first-principles insights into the performance of van der Waals functionals and the effect of oxygen vacancies.

The adsorption of small organic molecules on pristine VC MXene and its derivatives is investigated by first-principles density functional theory calculations. By employing state-of-the-art van der Waals (vdW) density functionals, the binding affinity of studied molecules, , CH, CO, and HO on MXene adsorbents is well described by more recent vdW functionals, , SCAN-rvv10. Although both CH and CO are nonpolar molecules, on pristine and oxygen-vacancy surfaces, they show a different range of adsorption energies, in which CH is more inert and has weaker binding than CO.

Chitosan Nanoparticles, a Novel Drug Delivery System to Transfer Squalene for Hepatocyte Stress Protection.

The Mediterranean diet is a well-known dietary pattern that has gained considerable popularity worldwide for its ability to prevent the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This is largely attributed to the use of virgin olive oil as the primary source of fat, which contains a substantial amount of squalene, a natural antioxidant. In order to enhance the delivery of squalene and amplify its effects due to its highly hydrophobic nature, herein, squalene has been incorporated into chitosan nanoparticles.

The impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on early adolescent sleep disturbances for youth exposed to adverse childhood experiences.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may increase the risk for adolescent sleep disturbances, though the impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) remains unclear.

Objective: We sought to determine the direct and moderating impact of race, ethnicity, family SES, and community SES on sleep disturbances across early adolescence for ACE-exposed youth.

Participants And Setting: This secondary analysis used longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® data (2016-2022) from youth who experienced ≥1 ACE by age 9-10 years.

Built environment change for injury prevention: insights from public health professionals across public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Road-related injuries and deaths are among the most significant and avoidable public health problems in Canada. Modifications to the built environment (BE) can reduce injury rates for vulnerable road users (VRUs) and other priority populations who experience disproportionate risk. This paper highlights public health professionals' experiences working in injury prevention across Ontario public health units (PHUs) navigating barriers and facilitators to BE change.

Acute administration of NLX-101, a Serotonin 1A receptor agonist, improves auditory temporal processing during development in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome.

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading known genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders (ASD)-associated behaviors. A consistent and debilitating phenotype of FXS is auditory hypersensitivity that may lead to delayed language and high anxiety. Consistent with findings in FXS human studies, the mouse model of FXS, the Fmr1 knock out (KO) mouse, shows auditory hypersensitivity and temporal processing deficits.

Dual-Modality Flow Phantom for Ultrasound and Optical Flow Measurements.

As ultrasound-compatible flow phantoms are devised for performance testing and calibration, there is a practical need to obtain independent flow measurements for validation using a gold-standard technique such as particle image velocimetry (PIV). In this paper, we present the design of a new dual-modality flow phantom that allows ultrasound and PIV measurements to be simultaneously performed. Our phantom's tissue mimicking material is based on a novel hydrogel formula that uses propylene glycol to lower the freezing temperature of an ultrasound-compatible poly(vinyl) alcohol cryogel and, in turn, maintain the solution's optical transparency after thermocycling.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Synergistic enhancement of electrochemical alcohol oxidation by combining NiV-layered double hydroxide with an aminoxyl radical.

Electrochemical alcohol oxidation (EAO) represents an effective method for the production of high-value carbonyl products. However, its industrial viability is hindered by suboptimal efficiency stemming from low reaction rates. Here, we present a synergistic electrocatalysis approach that integrates an active electrode and aminoxyl radical to enhance the performance of EAO.

Catalyst-Free Photooxidative N-Acylation of Azoles with Aldehydes.

A catalyst-free photochemical N-acylation of azoles with aldehydes has been developed using inexpensive BrCCl as the oxidant. This transition-metal- and photocatalyst-free amidation proceeded efficiently with a wide variety of substrates to give the corresponding N-acylazoles, including for the late modification of pharmaceutically active molecules, and on a gram-scale.

Active phytoextraction of toluene shifts the microbiome and enhances degradation capacity in hybrid poplar.

Hybrid poplars are widely recognized for their effectiveness in remediating subsurface aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX). While BTEX compounds are frequently found in the transpiration streams of poplars at contaminated sites, the microbial dynamics within these trees, particularly in response to hydrocarbon exposure, remain underexplored. This study utilized high-throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the trunk microbiome in hybrid poplars at a field-scale toluene phytoremediation site.

Impact of land-use and fecal contamination on Escherichia populations in environmental samples.

Understanding the composition of complex Escherichia coli populations from the environment is necessary for identifying strategies to reduce the impacts of fecal contamination and protect public health. Metabarcoding targeting the hypervariable gene gnd was used to reveal the complex population diversity of E. coli and phenotypically indistinct Escherichia species in water, soil, sediment, aquatic biofilm, and fecal samples from native forest and pastoral sites.

Sex-differences in the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome: results from a large Ontario, Canada worker cohort.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent cumulative strain injury associated with occupational risk factors such as vibration, repetitive and forceful wrist movements, and awkward wrist postures. This study aimed to identify Ontario workers at elevated risk for CTS and to explore sex differences in CTS risk among workers.

Methods: The Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) links accepted lost time compensation claims to health administrative databases.

Analysis of outcomes in resected early-stage NSCLC with rare targetable driver mutations.

Background: Given advancements in adjuvant treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-targeted therapies, it is important to consider postoperative targeted therapies for other early-stage oncogene-addicted NSCLC. Exploring baseline outcomes for early-stage NSCLC with these rare mutations is crucial.

Objectives: This study aims to assess relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with resected early-stage NSCLC with rare targetable driver mutations.

Nanomaterials impact in phytohormone signaling networks of plants - A critical review.

Nanotechnology offers a transformative approach to augment plant growth and crop productivity under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Nanomaterials interact with key phytohormones, triggering the synthesis of stress-associated metabolites, activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, and modulating gene expression networks that regulate diverse physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes within plant systems. This review critically examines the impact of nanoparticles on both conventional and genetically modified crops, focusing on their role in nutrient delivery systems and the modulation of plant cellular machinery.

Optimizing Drug Selection in Children with Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know and What Remains Unanswered?

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) refers to multiple sclerosis with onset before 18 years of age. It is characterized by a more inflammatory course, more frequent clinical relapses, and a greater number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions compared with adult-onset MS (AOMS), leading to significant impacts on both disability progression and cognitive outcomes in affected individuals. Managing POMS presents distinct challenges due to the unique needs of pediatric patients and the limited number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) approved for pediatric use.

Surface Hydration and Antifouling Activity of Coatings of Polymers and Their Zwitterionic Derivatives Prepared Using Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD).

Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy was applied to study the surface hydration and protein adsorption behavior on several polymer coatings based on pyridine, imidazole, and amine side groups along with vinyl or methacrylate backbones and their corresponding zwitterionic forms with carboxybetaine or sulfobetaine side chains, prepared by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). iCVD also enables facile tuning of the cross-linking density of the polymer coatings by blending in a cross-linker during the deposition, namely, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane. Our results show that both the low- and high-cross-linking density zwitterionic polymers exhibit significantly better antifouling activities compared to those of the polymers without the zwitterionic side chains.

An umbrella review on how digital health intervention co-design is conducted and described.

Co-design has been suggested to improve intervention effectiveness and sustainability. However, digital health intervention co-design is inconsistently reported. This umbrella review aims to synthesize what is known about co-design of digital health interventions.

Compositionally Tunable Magneto-optical Properties of Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals.

Inorganic lead-free metal halide perovskites have garnered much attention as low-toxicity alternatives to lead halide perovskites for luminescence and photovoltaic applications. However, the electronic structure and properties of these materials, including the composition dependence of the band structure, spin-orbit coupling, and Zeeman effects, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated vacancy-ordered CsBiX (X= Cl, Br) perovskite nanocrystals using magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Proactive Approaches for a Wheelchair User in Pediatric Residency: A Case Study for Disability Inclusion.

Objective: Despite encountering many barriers to inclusion, people with disabilities are entering residency training in increasing numbers. However, the increase in representation among people with physical disabilities remains low and published case studies and accommodations processes for wheelchair users in pediatric residency are absent in the literature. To support the inclusion of residents with physical disabilities in residency, we outline a proactive approach to the accommodations process and inclusion of a resident with a physical disability in pediatric residency.

SARS-CoV-2 Illumina GeNome Assembly Line (SIGNAL), a Snakemate workflow for rapid and bulk analysis of Illumina sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.

The incorporation of sequencing technologies in frontline and public health healthcare settings was vital in developing virus surveillance programs during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, increased data acquisition poses challenges for both rapid and accurate analyses. To overcome these hurdles, we developed the SARS-CoV-2 Illumina GeNome Assembly Line (SIGNAL) for quick bulk analyses of Illumina short-read sequencing data.

A holistic physics-informed neural network solution for precise destruction of breast tumors using focused ultrasound on a realistic breast model.

This study presented a novel approach for the precise ablation of breast tumors using focused ultrasound (FUS), leveraging a physics-informed neural network (PINN) integrated with a realistic breast model. FUS has shown significant promise in treating breast tumors by effectively targeting and ablating cancerous tissue. This technique employs concentrated ultrasonic waves to generate intense heat, effectively destroying cancerous tissue.

Analyzing the Life History of Caimans: The Growth Dynamics of Caiman latirostris From an Osteohistological Approach.

Skeletochronology and growth dynamics are intensively investigated in vertebrate osteohistology. These techniques are particularly important for interpreting the life history of long-lived species, such as crocodilians. To understand the longevity, growth dynamics, sexual maturity, and sexual dimorphism of caimans we studied an almost complete ontogenetic series of captive and wild specimens of Caiman latirostris from different localities of Argentina.

Perceived usability and acceptability of the My-Hip Fracture risk communication tool from the perspective of academic clinicians.

Objective: We evaluated the usability and acceptability of My-Hip Fracture (My-HF), a web application that assists providers in delivering individualized prognostic information to patients hospitalized for hip fracture (HF).

Methods: We observed a sample of 16 clinicians as they navigated My-HF. We then administered a structured questionnaire and conducted semi-structured interviews to explore participants' opinions about the app's content and the feasibility of incorporating the app into clinical workflows.