A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings.

This review assessed the effect of strategies designed to sustain the delivery of evidenced based interventions (EBIs) which target behavioural risk factors linked to leading causes of chronic disease in clinical and community settings. Seven electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled studies published from earliest record to November 2022. Studies were included if they tested a strategy to sustain the delivery of an EBI within clinical or community settings.

Collagen Alpha 1(XI) Amino-Terminal Domain Modulates Type I Collagen Fibril Assembly.

The amino-terminal domain of collagen α1(XI) plays a key role in controlling fibrillogenesis. However, the specific mechanisms through which various isoforms of collagen α1(XI) regulate this process are not fully understood. We measured the kinetics of collagen type I self-assembly in the presence of specific collagen α1(XI) isoforms.

Tracking Physical Activity and Nutrition Policies and Practices in Early Childhood Education and Care: Five Years Post-Implementation of a Provincial-Level Active Play Standard.

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings are key for improving health behaviors, including physical activity (PA) and nutrition. In 2017, the province of British Columbia (BC) implemented a provincial-level Active Play policy supported by a capacity-building intervention. Significant improvements in all PA policies and practices and the majority of nutrition policies were observed post-implementation.

Venom immunization: IgG/IgE titers, safety, risk, and methods of the VIPRBITEM cohort.

Background: This is the first study to examine a cohort that engages in the practice of immunization with snake venoms. In this practice, either fresh wet venom or venom reconstituted from freeze-dried form is used in vaccination protocols to produce hyper-immunity to venom.

Methods: This is a retrospective community-initiated collaborative research (CICR) project that collated the records of venom immunization.

Physical activity-the past, present and potential future: a state-of-the-art review.

This is a state-of-the-art review of historical developments, current approaches and recommended future directions in physical activity (PA) research, practice and policy. Since the early epidemiological studies in the 1950s, PA research has developed from within a biomedical paradigm. There is now a strong evidence base linking PA with positive health outcomes.

Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity.

Background: Aerobic capacity measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax) is related to functional capacity and is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. Sex-specific cardiac and vascular responses to endurance training have been observed, however, their relative contributions to VOmax are less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-specific ventricular-vascular interactions associated with VOmax in healthy males and females.

Patterns of socioeconomic marginalization and non-fatal overdose among people who use drugs: A gender-stratified repeated measures latent class analysis.

Background: While marked gender-based differences in drug-related risk and harm between men women who use drugs have been characterized to some extent, the complex relationship between gendered socioeconomic conditions, overdose risk, and drug use patterns and behaviours remains underexplored.

Methods: We conducted gender-stratified repeated measures latent class analyses (RMLCA) with data from two ongoing cohorts of people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada to identify discrete subgroups based on socioeconomic exposures. Multivariable generalized estimating equations models weighted by the respective posterior membership probabilities were applied to estimate the associations between socioeconomic class membership and non-fatal overdose.

Preoperative Acute Depressive Episodes are Associated with Increased Medication Prescribing and Inpatient Services Following Primary Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare postoperative healthcare utilization, prescriptions, and shoulder surgery between patients with an acute depressive episode (ADE) and those without an acute depressive episode (NADE) within 3 months before arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Methods: Diagnostic and procedural codes were used to identify patients in the TriNetX Research Network at least 18 years of age and underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between January 2010 and November 2021. Patients with a previous rotator cuff repair or diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder were excluded.

Functional variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer.

Background: Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF; a recessive disorder) have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence suggests individuals with a single CFTR variant may also have increased CRC risk.

Methods: Using population-based studies (GECCO, CORECT, CCFR, and ARIC; 53 785 CRC cases and 58 010 controls), we tested for an association between the most common CFTR variant (Phe508del) and CRC risk.

Large-scale and long-term wildlife research and monitoring using camera traps: a continental synthesis.

Camera traps are widely used in wildlife research and monitoring, so it is imperative to understand their strengths, limitations, and potential for increasing impact. We investigated a decade of use of wildlife cameras (2012-2022) with a case study on Australian terrestrial vertebrates using a multifaceted approach. We (i) synthesised information from a literature review; (ii) conducted an online questionnaire of 132 professionals; (iii) hosted an in-person workshop of 28 leading experts representing academia, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and government; and (iv) mapped camera trap usage based on all sources.

Machine learning outperforms humans in microplastic characterization and reveals human labelling errors in FTIR data.

Microplastics are ubiquitous and appear to be harmful, however, the full extent to which these inflict harm has not been fully elucidated. Analysing environmental sample data is challenging, as the complexity in real data makes both automated and manual analysis either unreliable or time-consuming. To address challenges, we explored a dense feed-forward neural network (DNN) for classifying Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic data.

Transcription factors induce differential splicing of duplicated ribosomal protein genes during meiosis.

In baker's yeast, genes encoding ribosomal proteins often exist as duplicate pairs, typically with one 'major' paralog highly expressed and a 'minor' less expressed paralog that undergoes controlled expression through reduced splicing efficiency. In this study, we investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling splicing of the minor paralog of the uS4 protein gene (RPS9A), demonstrating that its splicing is repressed during vegetative growth but upregulated during meiosis. This differential splicing of RPS9A is mediated by two transcription factors, Rim101 and Taf14.

Ultrahigh-Selectivity Photocatalytic Upgrading of Bio-Aldehydes/Diols to Monoalcohols Via In Situ Circumventing Coupling Co-Products Over Janus Single-Atom Pd/TiO.

Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived aldehydes to alcohols often results in unwanted coupling co-products. Herein, an ultraselective hydrogen transfer system enabled by in situ oxidative C─C bond cleavage over a Janus single-atom palladium on titanium dioxide (0.5Pd/TiO) photocatalyst is presented.

Direct, non-medical out-of-pocket expenditures for mothers of moderate or late preterm infants in a level II NICU: Comparison of Alberta Family Integrated Care versus standard care.

Objective: To compare direct, non-medical out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) between mothers receiving Alberta Family Integrated Care (FICare™) versus standard care (SC) during their infant's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and explore factors influencing spending extremes.

Methods: In this exploratory, concurrent mixed-methods sub-study, we compared mother-reported OOPE from Alberta FICare™ and SC parent journals. We thematically analyzed hand-written notes from 30 journals with the highest and lowest 5 % of OOPE.

Blood absolute lymphocyte count and trajectory are important in understanding severe COVID-19.

Background: Low blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) may predict severe COVID-19 outcomes. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the relationship of ALC trajectory with clinical outcomes and factors associated with lymphopenia.

Methods: Our post hoc analysis of the Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 platform trial utilized proportional hazards models to assess relationships between Day (D) 0 lymphopenia (ALC < 0.

Diffuse soil pollution from agriculture: Impacts and remediation.

Agricultural activities are essential for sustaining the global population, yet they exert considerable pressure on the environment. A major challenge we face today is agricultural pollution, much of which is diffuse in nature, lacking a clear point of origin for chemical discharge. Modern agricultural practices, which often depend on substantial applications of fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation water, are key contributors to this form of pollution.

A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.

Hypermutated proviruses, which arise in a single Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication cycle when host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins introduce extensive guanine to adenine mutations throughout the viral genome, persist in all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, hypermutated sequences are routinely excluded from phylogenetic trees because their extensive mutations complicate phylogenetic inference, and as a result, we know relatively little about their within-host evolutionary origins and dynamics. Using >1400 longitudinal single-genome-amplified HIV sequences isolated from six women over a median of 18 years of follow-up-including plasma HIV RNA sequences collected over a median of 9 years between seroconversion and ART initiation, and >500 proviruses isolated over a median of 9 years on ART-we evaluated three approaches for masking hypermutation in nucleotide alignments.

Prenatal maternal stress in rats alters the epigenetic and transcriptomic landscape of the maternal-fetal interface across four generations.

Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) determines lifetime mental and physical health. Here, we show in rats that PNMS has consequences for placental function and fetal brain development across four generations (F0-F3). Using a systems biology approach, comprehensive DNA methylation (DNAm), miRNA, and mRNA profiling revealed a moderate impact of PNMS in the F1 generation, but drastic changes in F2 and F3 generations, suggesting compounding effects of PNMS with each successive generation.

Examining the association between fentanyl use and perceived adequacy of methadone dose: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: People exposed to fentanyl may report that the dose of methadone in the commonly accepted therapeutic range feels too low. We examined self-reported methadone dose adequacy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals prescribed methadone at a dose of at least 60mg daily using data from three community-recruited prospective cohort studies of people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada from December 2016 through March 2020.

Swin UNETR Segmentation with Automated Geometry Filtering for Biomechanical Modeling of Knee Joint Cartilage.

Purpose: Simulation studies, such as finite element (FE) modeling, offer insights into knee joint biomechanics, which may not be achieved through experimental methods without direct involvement of patients. While generic FE models have been used to predict tissue biomechanics, they overlook variations in population-specific geometry, loading, and material properties. In contrast, subject-specific models account for these factors, delivering enhanced predictive precision but requiring significant effort and time for development.

Photocatalytic asymmetric C-C coupling for CO reduction on dynamically reconstructed Ru-O/Ru-O sites.

Solar-driven CO reduction to value-added C chemicals is thermodynamically challenging due to multiple complicated steps. The design of active sites and structures for photocatalysts is necessary to improve solar energy efficiency. In this work, atomically dispersed Ru-O sites in RuInO are constructed by interior lattice anchoring of Ru.

The Expression, Purification, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Membrane Topology Classification of KCNE4 from Recombinant .

Members of the KCNE family are accessory subunits that modulate voltage-gated potassium channels. One member, KCNE4, has been shown to inhibit the potassium ion current in these channels. However, little is known about the structure, dynamics, and mode of inhibition of KCNE4, likely due to challenges in overexpressing and purifying the protein.