Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in treatment-naive Chinese adults with hepatitis C virus infection: A randomized trial.

Background And Aim: In China, clinical experience with direct-acting antiviral treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is still emerging. C-CORAL is a phase 3, multinational, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) in participants with HCV infection from the Asia-Pacific region and Russia. Here, we report the data from participants enrolled in China.

Fine mapping of the MHC region identifies major independent variants associated with Han Chinese primary biliary cholangitis.

The genetic association of primary biliary cholangitis with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been widely confirmed among different ethnicities. To map specific MHC region variants associated with PBC in a Han Chinese cohort, we imputed HLA antigens and amino acids (AA) in 1126 PBC cases and 1770 healthy control subjects using a Han-MHC reference database. We demonstrate that HLA-DRB1 and/or HLA-DQB1 contributed the strongest signals, and that HLA-DPB1 was a separate independent locus.

Efficacy and Safety of 12-week Interferon-based Danoprevir Regimen in Patients with Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C.

Genotype (GT) 1 remains the predominant hepatitis c virus (HCV) GT in Chinese patients. Over 80% of those Chinese patients harbor the interferon-sensitive CC allele of IFNL4rs12979860, which is favorable for interferon-based treatment regimens. This phase III clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ritonavir-boosted danoprevir plus pegylated-interferon α-2a and ribavirin regimen for 12 weeks in treatment-naïve mainland Chinese patients infected with HCV GT1 without cirrhosis.

Pertuzumab in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for Chinese patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a subpopulation analysis of the JACOB trial.

Background: The JACOB trial (NCT01774786) was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter, international, phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab and chemotherapy in first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). The aim of this analysis was to investigate efficacy and safety outcomes in the Chinese subpopulation from the JACOB trial.

Methods: This post hoc subpopulation analysis included all patients recruited in mainland China (n = 163; 20.

SET domain containing 1B gene is mutated in primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (PHNETs) are extremely rare NETs originating from the liver. These tumors are associated with heterogeneous prognosis, and few treatment targets for PHNETs have been identified. Because the major genetic alterations in PHNET are still largely unknown, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 22 paired tissues from PHNET patients and identified 22 recurring mutations of somatic genes involved in the following activities: epigenetic modification (BPTF, MECP2 and WDR5), cell cycle (TP53, ATM, MED12, DIDO1 and ATAD5) and neural development (UBR4, MEN1, GLUL and GIGYF2).

Genome-wide Association Studies of Specific Antinuclear Autoantibody Subphenotypes in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Anti-nuclear antibodies to speckled 100 kDa (sp100) and glycoprotein 210 (gp210) are specific serologic markers of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) of uncertain/controversial clinical or prognostic significance. To study the genetic determinants associated with sp100 and gp210 autoantibody subphenotypes, we performed a genome-wide association analysis of 930 PBC cases based on their autoantibody status, followed by a replication study in 1,252 PBC cases. We confirmed single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs492899 (P = 3.

Clinicopathological Outcomes and Prognosis of Elderly Patients (≥ 65 Years) with Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) Undergoing Curative-Intent Resection: a Multicenter Data Review.

Background: The most common site of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is the stomach, and gastric GISTs (gGISTs) occur most often in elderly patients. However, the clinicopathological features, treatment patterns, and prognosis of elderly patients with gGISTs remain unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinicopathological and prognostic data for patients with primary gGISTs who underwent curative-intent resection at 10 medical centers in China from 1998 to 2015.

High expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 and Notch1 is predictive of lymphovascular invasion and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.

C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 and Notch1 have been shown to play oncogenic role individually. This study aimed to determine the combinatorial role of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 and Notch1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 and Notch1 was detected in resected tumor samples from 185 patients with lung adenocarcinoma at stage I-IIIa by immunohistochemistry.

Exosomes Derived from Irradiated Esophageal Carcinoma-Infiltrating T Cells Promote Metastasis by Inducing the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Esophageal Cancer Cells.

Exosomes are nanovesicles derived from tumor and normal cells that are detectable in human biological fluids, such as plasma, and cell culture supernatants. The function of exosome secretion from "normal" cells is unclear. Although numerous studies have investigated exosomes derived from hematopoietic cells, little is known regarding exosomes fromT cells, even though these cells play significant roles in innate and acquired immunity.

NLRP3 gene knockout blocks NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in CUMS-induced depression mouse model.

Background: Abundant researches indicate that neuroinflammation has important roles in the pathophysiology of depression. Our previous study found that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice via regulating neuroinflammation. However, it still remains unclear that how the NLRP3 inflammasome influences related inflammatory signaling pathway to contribute to neuroinflammation in depression.

[Current status of surgical treatment of gastric gastrointestinal tumors: a national multi-center retrospective study].

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinicopathology of patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor(gGIST) who underwent radical excision within 18 years in 10 domestic medical centers in order to understand the status of domestic surgical treatment of gGIST.

Methods: Clinicopathological data of gGIST patients undergoing radical excision in 10 medical centers from January 1998 to January 2016 were collected, and their operational conditions, postoperative adjuvant therapy, gene detection and survival were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: A total of 1 846 cases were recruited in this study, including 246 cases from Guangdong General Hospital, 331 cases from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 374 cases from Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 342 cases from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 265 cases from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 148 cases from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 49 cases from West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 43 cases from Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 28 cases from the 81st Hospital of Pepole's Liberation Army(PLA), 20 cases from Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute.

Meta-analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the detection of gallbladder carcinoma.

Aim: To systematically evaluate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for the detection of gallbladder carcinoma.

Material And Method: Relevant studies were identified searching PubMed, Embase, Elsevier, the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database and the Cochrane Trial Register searches until August 2015. Patient clinical characteristics, sensitivity and specificity were extracted.

[Association between ribavirin plasma concentration and sustained virologic response in treatment of patients with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α-2b and ribavirin].

Objective: To investigate the association between the dose and plasma concentration of ribavirin (RBV) and sustained virologic response (SVR) during the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment with pegylated interferon-α-2b (PEG-IFN-α-2b) and RBV.

Methods: A total of 40 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) who were treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b and RBV as the antiviral treatment were enrolled, and according to the therapeutic effect (SVR was defined as HCV RNA maintained below the lower limit of detection at 24 weeks after drug discontinuation in patients who achieved virologic response at the end of treatment, and recurrence was defined as HCV RNA turning positive), these patients were divided into SVR group (20 patients aged 19-55 years, including 10 male patients) and recurrence group (20 patients aged 21-76 years, including 12 male patients). The HPLC-MS/MS was used to measure the RBV plasma concentration at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48 of treatment.

Long noncoding RNA POU6F2-AS2 is associated with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Oesophageal carcinoma is one of the most lethal cancer types in the world, especially in some part of China. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major subtype, which has been shown to be associated with unhealthy diet habit, smoking, environmental carcinogens etc. The OSCC often progress slowly, however, it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.

IL-10-Expressing Th2 Cells Contribute to the Elevated Antibody Production in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease associated with progressive disability, systemic complications, and early death. Multiple lines of evidence have placed adaptive immune responses in the center of RA pathogenesis. However, the functional roles of T helper cells are insufficiently described.

Therapeutic effects of OP-1 on metal wear particle induced osteoblasts injury in vitro.

Aseptic lossening is a main reason for the revision of total joint arthroplasty. Metal-wear particles induced deregulation of bone resorption or formation has been considered as the major process of aseptic lossening. Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) can be used to improve bone formation.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trial of Apatinib in Patients With Chemotherapy-Refractory Advanced or Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction.

Purpose: There is currently no standard treatment strategy for patients with advanced metastatic gastric cancer experiencing progression after two or more lines of chemotherapy. We assessed the efficacy and safety of apatinib, a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma for whom at least two lines of prior chemotherapy had failed.

Patients And Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial.

Effects of radiation on T regulatory cells in normal states and cancer: mechanisms and clinical implications.

Radiation remains an important component of cancer treatment. In addition to inducing tumor cell death through direct cytotoxic effects, radiation can also promote the regression of tumor via augment of immune response. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a unique subpopulation of CD4 positive cells, which are characterized by expression of the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) transcription factor and high levels of CD25.

Gambogic acid enhances the radiosensitivity of human esophageal cancer cells by inducing reactive oxygen species via targeting Akt/mTOR pathway.

Radiotherapy is a widespread treatment in human solid tumors. However, therapy resistance and poor prognosis are still problems. Gambogic acid (GA), extracted from the dried yellow resin of gamboges, has an anticancer effect against various types of cancer cells.

Loss of B cell regulatory function is associated with delayed healing in patients with tibia fracture.

The process of bone regeneration after fracture is a complex and well-orchestrated process usually requiring 3-12 weeks. A subset of patients, however, exhibit delayed healing time and even incomplete restoration of the normal bone structure. Although the precise mechanism is unknown, studies have shown that smurf1 may play a role during the process.

Swine and rabbits are the main reservoirs of hepatitis E virus in China: detection of HEV RNA in feces of farmed and wild animals.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is recognized as a zoonosis. The prevalence of HEV RNA and anti-HEV antibodies in many animal species has been reported, but the host range of HEV is unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate HEV infection in various animal species and to determine the reservoirs of HEV.

Association of serum level of growth differentiation factor 15 with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis are associated with high mortality worldwide. Currently, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is used as a standard serum marker for the detection of HCC, but its sensitivity and specificity are unsatisfactory, and optimal diagnostic markers for cirrhosis are lacking. We previously reported that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was significantly induced in HCV-infected hepatocytes.

T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 polymorphism affects cytokine expression in different cells and is associated with increased susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. In China, knee OA accounts for the majority of the OA cases. Elevated immune responses and proinflammatory cytokine expressions have been identified in OA patients.