Cancer worry and its impact on self-reported depressive symptoms among adult males and females in the US: a nationwide sample study.

Objective: With cancer the second deadliest disease in the world, worry about cancer can have mental health or psychiatric implications. This study examines the prevalence, differences, and influence of cancer worry (CW), its interaction effect with age, and other confounders on self-reported depressive symptoms (SRDS) among adult males and females in the US.

Methods: We utilized a nationally representative sample data of 2,950 individuals (males = 1,276; females = 1,674) from Cycle 4 of the Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (HINTS 5) 2020.

The Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Frequent Use of E-Cigarettes and Its Association with Substance Use and Mental Health Symptoms.

Background: Although several studies examined the association between e-cigarettes, substance use, and mental health conditions, there is limited research on whether COVID-19-related stress and health outcomes, mental health symptoms, and substance use differ by the frequency of e-cigarette use during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the association of past 30-day frequent use of e-cigarettes with alcohol, cannabis, anxiety/depression, and COVID-19 impact.

Methods: We conducted a national online cross-sectional survey among a random sample of US adults aged 18 years or older (N = 5065) between 13 May 2021, and 9 January 2022.

Nanoparticles are linked to polar lipids in xylem sap of temperate angiosperm species.

In previous research, xylem sap of angiosperms has been found to include low concentrations of nanoparticles and polar lipids. A major goal of this study was to test predictions arising from the hypothesis that the nanoparticles consist largely of polar lipids from the original cell content of vessel elements. These predictions included that polar lipid and nanoparticle concentrations would be correlated, that they both do not pass through pit membranes and that they do not vary seasonally because they originate from living vessel element cells.

Amikacin potentiator activity of zinc complexed to a pyrithione derivative with enhanced solubility.

Resistance to amikacin in Gram-negatives is usually mediated by the 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib], which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the 6' position of the antibiotic molecule. A path to continue the effective use of amikacin against resistant infections is to combine it with inhibitors of the inactivating reaction. We have recently observed that addition of Zn to in-vitro enzymatic reactions, obliterates acetylation of the acceptor antibiotic.

School Social Worker Voice during COVID-19 School Disruptions: A National Qualitative Analysis.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented impacts on our schools and society, requiring school social workers (SSWs) to attend to layered and cascading effects for students and their families. This study presents rich qualitative data from a national survey of SSWs about their personal and professional roles supporting students, families, and staff members as schools shifted to remote instruction. Findings indicate that SSWs are highly concerned about a lack of basic needs resources, including food, housing, and mental health support for students and families.

A qualitative examination of e-cigarette use among California young adults during the EVALI outbreak.

The 2019 outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) increased awareness of potential health risks associated with vaping among the general public. Little is known, however, about how unfolding information regarding EVALI affected knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among e-cigarette users, particularly among young adults. This study describes attitudinal and behavioral responses to EVALI among young adult e-cigarette users.

Lipids in xylem sap of woody plants across the angiosperm phylogeny.

Lipids have been observed attached to lumen-facing surfaces of mature xylem conduits of several plant species, but there has been little research on their functions or effects on water transport, and only one lipidomic study of the xylem apoplast. Therefore, we conducted lipidomic analyses of xylem sap from woody stems of seven plants representing six major angiosperm clades, including basal magnoliids, monocots and eudicots, to characterize and quantify phospholipids, galactolipids and sulfolipids in sap using mass spectrometry. Locations of lipids in vessels of Laurus nobilis were imaged using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy.

Health Benefits Mandates and Their Potential Impacts on Racial/Ethnic Group Disparities in Insurance Markets.

Addressing racial/ethnic group disparities in health insurance benefits through legislative mandates requires attention to the different proportions of racial/ethnic groups among insurance markets. This necessary baseline data, however, has proven difficult to measure. We applied racial/ethnic data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey to the 2012 California Health Benefits Review Program Cost and Coverage Model to determine the racial/ethnic composition of ten health insurance market segments.

Dissolved atmospheric gas in xylem sap measured with membrane inlet mass spectrometry.

A new method is described for measuring dissolved gas concentrations in small volumes of xylem sap using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. The technique can be used to determine concentrations of atmospheric gases, such as argon, as reported here, or for any dissolved gases and their isotopes for a variety of applications, such as rapid detection of trace gases from groundwater only hours after they were taken up by trees and rooting depth estimation. Atmospheric gas content in xylem sap directly affects the conditions and mechanisms that allow for gas removal from xylem embolisms, because gas can dissolve into saturated or supersaturated sap only under gas pressure that is above atmospheric pressure.

Is Self-Reported Physical Activity Participation Associated with Lower Health Services Utilization among Older Adults? Cross-Sectional Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey.

Purpose. To examine relationships between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and health services utilization (H) in a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods.

Let's Move for Pacific Islander Communities: an Evidence-Based Intervention to Increase Physical Activity.

Pacific Islander (PI) populations of Southern California experience high obesity and low physical activity levels. Given PI's rich cultural ties, efforts to increase physical activity using a community-tailored strategy may motivate members in a more sustainable manner. In this paper, we (1) detail the program adaptation methodology that was utilized to develop the Weaving an Islander Network for Cancer Awareness, Research and Training (WINCART) Center's PI Let's Move Program, a culturally tailored program aimed to increase physical activity levels among members of PI organizations in Southern California, and (2) share the program's pilot evaluation results on individual and organizational changes.

Color-motion asynchrony assessed along the chromatic axes and with luminance variation.

Color-motion asynchrony was fist reported by Moutoussis and Zeki (Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 264, 393-399, 1997), who showed that a motion direction change needs to precede a color change by approximately 80-120 ms in order for humans to perceive change as synchronous when a visual stimulus changes its direction of motion and color rapidly and repetitively. This phenomenon was investigated with stimuli with a single change of color and a single change of motion. The stimulus was varied along the L/(L+M) axis, along the S/(L+M) axis, or in luminance at a constant chromaticity.

Gelada feeding ecology in an intact ecosystem at Guassa, Ethiopia: Variability over time and implications for theropith and hominin dietary evolution.

Recent evidence suggests that several extinct primates, including contemporaneous Paranthropus boisei and Theropithecus oswaldi in East Africa, fed largely on grasses and sedges (i.e., graminoids).

Inhibitors of the aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib] identified by in silico molecular docking.

AAC(6')-Ib is an important aminoglycoside resistance enzyme to target with enzymatic inhibitors. An in silico screening approach was used to identify potential inhibitors from the ChemBridge library. Several compounds were identified, of which two of them, 4-[(2-{[1-(3-methylphenyl)-4,6-dioxo-2-thioxotetrahydro-5(2H)-pyrimidinylidene]methyl}phenoxy)methyl]benzoic acid and 2-{5-[(4,6-dioxo-1,3-diphenyl-2-thioxotetrahydro-5(2H)-pyrimidinylidene)methyl]-2-furyl}benzoic acid, showed micromolar activity in inhibiting acetylation of kanamycin A.

Food Insecurity Experiences Predict Children's Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in the USA.

This research analyses the longitudinal relationships between household food insecurity (very low and low food security) experiences and children's consumption (servings/week) of fruit, green salad, carrots, potatoes, and other types of vegetables. Using a panel of 5,670 children aged 10-13 years who were first observed in spring 2004 and then again in spring 2007 at age 13-16 years, the main findings are as follows: first, children experiencing low food security consume significantly (P < 0.05) more fruit per week.

Theoretical study on the structure and stabilities of molecular clusters of oxalic acid with water.

The importance of aerosols to humankind is well-known, playing an integral role in determining Earth's climate and influencing human health. Despite this fact, much remains unknown about the initial events of nucleation. In this work, the molecular properties of common organic atmospheric pollutant oxalic acid and its gas phase interactions with water have been thoroughly examined.

Gender-Specific Barriers to Self-Sufficiency among Former Supplemental Security Income Drug Addiction and Alcoholism Beneficiaries: Implications for Welfare-To-Work Programs and Services.

This study examines barriers to economic self-sufficiency among a panel of 219 former Supplemental Security Income (SSI) drug addiction and alcoholism (DA&A) recipients following elimination of DA&A as an eligibility category for SSI disability benefits. Study participants were comprehensively surveyed at six measurement points following the policy change. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine full-sample and gender-specific barriers to economic self-sufficiency.

Behavior of geladas and other endemic wildlife during a desert locust outbreak at Guassa, Ethiopia: ecological and conservation implications.

Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) outbreaks have occurred repeatedly throughout recorded history in the Horn of Africa region, devastating crops and contributing to famines. In June 2009, a desert locust swarm invaded the Guassa Plateau, Ethiopia, a large and unusually intact Afroalpine tall-grass ecosystem, home to important populations of geladas (Theropithecus gelada), Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis), thick-billed ravens (Corvus crassirostris), and other Ethiopian or Horn of Africa endemics. During the outbreak and its aftermath, we observed many animals, including geladas, ravens, and a wolf, feeding on locusts in large quantities.

Evaluation of a computerized system for mechanical ventilation of infants.

Objective: To evaluate a computerized system for mechanical ventilation of infants.

Methods: FLEX is a computerized system that includes the features of a patented mode known as adaptive-support ventilation (ASV). In addition, it has many other features including adjustment of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), fraction of inspired oxygen (F(IO2)), minute ventilation, and control of weaning.

Preventing falls among older adults: no "one size suits all" intervention strategy.

Physical activity (exercise) serves primary, secondary, and tertiary roles in the prevention of falls among older adults. In its primary role, physical activity can prevent the onset of pathology and system impairments that lead to disability and increased risk for falls. Slowing the progression of disease and system impairments is its secondary role, while its tertiary role lies in the restoration of function to a level that allows for more autonomy in the performance of essential activities of daily living.

Automatic control of mechanical ventilation. Part 2: the existing techniques and future trends.

Objective: The major automatic techniques that are available in commercial ventilators are described and a discussion of the recently developed systems along with the future trends in the field is provided.

Methods: The major available automatic control techniques for mechanical ventilation are analyzed and the future trends are discussed in view of today's ICU requirements and the recently developed technologies.

Results: Several major automatic techniques are available in commercial ventilators at this time.

Automatic control of mechanical ventilation. Part 1: theory and history of the technology.

Objective: In this article, automatic control technology as applied to mechanical ventilation is discussed and the techniques that have been reported in the literature are reviewed.

Methods: The information in the literature is reviewed and various techniques are compared.

Results: Automatic control has been applied in many ways to mechanical ventilation since several decades ago.

Intelligent decision support systems for mechanical ventilation.

Objective: An overview of different methodologies used in various intelligent decision support systems (IDSSs) for mechanical ventilation is provided. The applications of the techniques are compared in view of today's intensive care unit (ICU) requirements.

Methods: Information available in the literature is utilized to provide a methodological review of different systems.