Antiretroviral therapy adherence patterns, virological suppression, and emergence of drug resistance: A nested case-control study from Uganda and South Africa.

Background: Relationships between distinct antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence patterns and risk of drug resistance are not well understood.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control analysis within a longitudinal cohort study of individuals initiating efavirenz-based ART. Primary outcomes of interest, measured at 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation, were: 1) virologic suppression, 2) virologic failure with resistance, and 3) virologic failure without resistance.

Low prevalence of macrolide resistance in infections in a cohort of pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Objective: Macrolide resistance in () is increasing as a result of the widespread use of azithromycin in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To date, there are few published studies on macrolide resistance patterns in South African pregnant women. This study now contributes to the growing body of knowledge.

Prevalence of infection in pregnant women from Durban, South Africa.

Introduction: The Sub-Saharan African region has some of the world's highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These infections are considered a major public health concern. Previous studies on the prevalence of infection in Sub-Saharan Africa have reported rates ranging from 3.

The Extent of Integration of Community Health Worker Programs Into National Health Systems: Case Study of Botswana.

Background: The paucity of Human Resources for Health (HRH) is a major global health challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the potentials that Community Health Workers (CHWs) have in closing the gap of an inadequate supply of human resources for health (HRH). However, weak CHW integration into national health systems curtails effective implementation of CHW delivered high impact interventions in resource constrained settings.

Older Adults' Interpretation of Nurses' Nonverbal Communication in Cameroon: A Grounded Theory Inquiry.

Communication is central to nursing care. Yet, the nonverbal aspect of communication tends to be neglected or underestimated in nursing studies. Research has shown that older patients interpret nurses' communication messages during the clinical encounter.

Vitamin E and levocarnitine as prophylaxis against doxorubicin-induced cardio toxicity in the adult cancer patient: A review.

Objective: Doxorubicin, a component of the anthracycline group, is a highly effective in the treatment of hematologic and solid malignancies. Because of the cardiotoxic adverse effects, use is limited. Antioxidants may negate this anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, although the literature is not conclusive with regards to the cardioprotective benefits of antioxidants.

EHealth Investment Appraisal in Africa: A Scoping Review.

eHealth is an opportunity cost, competing for limited available funds with other health priorities such as clinics, vaccinations, medicines and even salaries. As such, it should be appraised for probable impact prior to allocation of funds. This is especially pertinent as recognition grows for the role of eHealth in attaining Universal Health Coverage.

Impact of brief educational intervention on knowledge of cancer among community pharmacists.

Introduction: Community pharmacists may play a vital role in early detection and prevention of cancer. Findings from our pre-assessment studies showed that the Ghanaian community have inadequate knowledge of cancer. We assessed the impact of a brief educational intervention on knowledge level of cancer among Ghanaian community pharmacists.

Novel GRHL3 Variants in a South African Cohort With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: The etiology of cleft palate (CP) is poorly understood compared with that of cleft lip with or without palate (CL ± P). Recently, variants in Grainyhead like transcription factor 3 () were reported to be associated with a risk for CP in European and some African populations including Nigeria, Ghana, and Ethiopia. In order to identify genetic variants that may further explain the etiology of CP, we sequenced in a South African population to determine if rare variants in are associated with the presence of syndromic or nonsyndromic CP.

Tessier Number 3 and 4 Clefts: Clinical Presentation and Associated Clefts in a South African Population.

Introduction: The defects found in Tessier clefts number 3 and number 4 come in various forms in different patients. These variations have to a great extent affected not only documentation of these craniofacial defects but invariably their treatment and communication amongst craniofacial researchers. This study has not only documented the clinical presentation of these clefts in a South African population but has also incorporated the clinical presentation of Tessier clefts number 3 and 4 from different regions of the world.

Neurotoxicity in pre-eclampsia involves oxidative injury, exacerbated cholinergic activity and impaired proteolytic and purinergic activities in cortex and cerebellum.

Women with a history of pre-eclampsia (PE) tend to have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular and neurological diseases later in life. Imbalance in oxidative markers and purinergic enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disease. This study investigated the effect of PE on oxidative imbalance, purinergic enzyme inhibitory activity, acetylcholinesterase and chymotrypsin activities in the brain of PE rat model at post-partum/post-natal day (PP/PND) 60.