Profiles of Odorant Specific Performance in Olfactory Testing.

Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) can occur from a variety of etiologies. However, there are few reports examining whether varying etiologies have unique profiles of psychophysical testing that may provide insight into the pathophysiology of OD.

Methods: Adults with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP/CRSsNP) and healthy control adults with no sinus complaints underwent olfactory assessment with Sniffin' Sticks.

Capillary Refill Technology to Enhance the Accuracy of Peripheral Perfusion Evaluation in Sepsis.

Monitoring of capillary refill time (CRT) is a common bedside assessment used to ascertain peripheral perfusion in a patient for a vast array of conditions. The literature has shown that a change in CRT can be used to recognize life-threatening conditions that cause decreased perfusion, such as sepsis, and aid in resuscitation. The current practice for calculating CRT invites subjectivity and produces a highly variable result.

Multimodal imaging of soccer ball-related ocular posterior segment injuries.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical and anatomic characteristics of soccer ball-induced posterior segment injuries in the era of modern multi-modal imaging.

Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with soccer ball injury and diagnostic imaging from 2007 to 2020 at a single vitreoretinal practice.

Results: Eight patients met inclusion criteria.

In Pursuit of the Quadruple Aim: A Geriatric Prescribing Context's Impact on Clinician Workflows and Alert Fatigue.

The impact of a novel Geriatric Prescribing Context (GPC) on hospital clinicians' prescribing workflows is still unknown. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 346 inpatient pharmacists, physicians, and advance practice providers employed at three pilot site hospitals affected by the GPC to assess awareness and impact to usual workflow. The GPC, a set of medication default doses and frequencies for patients 75 years and older, was unnoticed by 74% of survey respondents ( = 119) with pharmacists more likely to be aware of the context than prescribers.

Dorsal column and root stimulation at Aβ-fiber intensity activate superficial dorsal horn glutamatergic and GABAergic populations.

Neurostimulation therapies are frequently used in patients with chronic pain conditions. They emerged from Gate Control Theory (GCT), which posits that Aβ-fiber activation recruits superficial dorsal horn (SDH) inhibitory networks to "close the gate" on nociceptive transmission, resulting in pain relief. However, the efficacy of current therapies is limited, and the underlying circuits remain poorly understood.

Oral oncolytic treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Objective: The objective of this article is to review the current supporting literature for the use of oral oncolytics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, consideration for their use and management of adverse drug events that may limit use.

Data Sources: NCCN guidelines were utilized to determine available oral options for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A literature review was carried out through PubMed to find relevant clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors and PI3K-δ inhibitors.

Cerebral Palsy in Child Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Training: An Unmet Need.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of childhood motor disability. However, there is limited guidance on training of child neurologists and neurodevelopmental disability specialists in the care of individuals with cerebral palsy. We sought to determine training program directors' impressions of the importance and adequacy of training in the diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy.

Recent Advances in Bedside Device-Based Early Detection of Sepsis.

Early detection of sepsis is challenging to achieve with current diagnostic methods, leading to expenditures of $27 billion annually in the United States with significant associated mortality. Various scoring systems have been proposed such as the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria for identification of sepsis, but their sensitivities range from 60% to 70% when used in the emergency department triage. Other methods for the recognition of sepsis may rely on laboratory work, in addition to vitals monitoring, and are often outpaced by the development of sepsis.

A Novel Model of Tobacco Smoke-Mediated Aortic Injury.

Objective: Tobacco smoke exposure is a major risk factor for aortic aneurysm development. However, the initial aortic response to tobacco smoke, preceding aneurysm formation, is not well understood. We sought to create a model to determine the effect of solubilized tobacco smoke (STS) on the thoracic and abdominal aorta of mice as well as on cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs).

Application of Safety Protocols for International Cleft Outreach Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Global Smile Foundation Precaution Guidelines and Implications.

Background: Since COVID-19 was declared a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March of 2020, foundation-based cleft outreach programs to Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) were halted considering global public health challenges, scarcity of capacity and resources, and travel restrictions. This led to an increase in the backlog of untreated patients with cleft lip and/or palate, with new challenges to providing comprehensive care in those regions. Resumption of international outreach programs requires an updated course of action to incorporate necessary safety measures in the face of the ongoing pandemic.

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Cystic Fibrosis: Variables Influencing Sinonasal and Pulmonary Outcomes.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery is a well-established treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis, though its benefits seem to be limited to improving sinonasal symptoms rather than affecting lung function.

Objective: This study aims to identify clinical and demographic factors that may influence sinonasal and pulmonary outcomes after surgery.

Methods: This is a six-year retrospective analysis of adult cystic fibrosis patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at a tertiary care center.

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma: A United States Multi-Center Substage Survival Analysis.

Background: Acral lentiginous melanoma is associated with worse survival than other subtypes of melanoma. Understanding prognostic factors for survival and recurrence can help better inform follow-up care.

Objectives: To analyze the clinicopathologic features, melanoma-specific survival, and recurrence-free survival by substage in a large, multi-institutional cohort of primary acral lentiginous melanoma patients.

Predictors of Complication Following Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery in a Low-Resource Setting: A Prospective Outcomes Study in Nicaragua.

Background: Higher rates of postoperative complication following cleft lip or palate repair have been documented in low resource settings, but their causes remain unclear. This study sought to delineate patient, surgeon, and care environment factors in cleft complications in a low-income country.

Design: Prospective outcomes study.

Identification of miRNAs That Mediate Protective Functions of Anti-Cancer Drugs During White Matter Ischemic Injury.

We have previously shown that two anti-cancer drugs, CX-4945 and MS-275, protect and preserve white matter (WM) architecture and improve functional recovery in a model of WM ischemic injury. While both compounds promote recovery, CX-4945 is a selective Casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor and MS-275 is a selective Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate some of the protective actions of these drugs.

COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Cancer Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

The global pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented newfound challenges to the oncology community regarding management of disease progression in immunocompromised and cancer patients. Further, the large influx of COVID-19 patients has overwhelmed healthcare facilities, limited access to intensive care unit beds and ventilators, and canceled elective surgeries causing disruptions to the cancer care continuum and re-organization of oncological care. While it is known that the potential threat of infection is greatest in elderly patients (>60 years of age) and patients with underlying comorbidities, there is still insufficient data to determine the risk of COVID-19 in cancer patients.

Brain Activity Response to Visual Cues for Gait Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: An EEG Study.

Gait impairments are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and increase falls risk. Visual cues can improve gait in PD, particularly freezing of gait (FOG), but mechanisms involved in visual cue response are unknown. This study aimed to examine brain activity in response to visual cues in people with PD who do (PD+FOG) and do not report FOG (PD-FOG) and explore relationships between attention, brain activity and gait.

Incidence and Recovery of Vocal Fold Immobility Following Pediatric Cardiac Operations.

Background: Loss of laryngeal function after congenital cardiac surgery causes morbidity and prolongs hospitalization. Early diagnosis of vocal fold immobility (VFI) and referral to pediatric otolaryngology (pOTO) aids in laryngeal rehabilitation. Understanding the incidence and recovery rates of VFI enables counseling for families of infants undergoing high-risk surgery.

Disparities in Patterns of Conventional Versus Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Spine Metastasis in the United States.

Introduction: The improved survival of patients even with metastatic cancer has led to an increase in the incidence of spine metastases, suggesting the need for a more aggressive palliative treatment than conventional external beam radiation therapy (cEBRT). Consequently, spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has increased in popularity over the past decade. However, there has been no comparison of patterns of usage of cEBRT versus SBRT in the treatment of spinal metastases in the US.

Three-Dimensional Assessment of Cervical Vertebrae Anomalies in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of cervical vertebrae anomalies (CVA) in patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations.

Design: Retrospective assessment of CBCT images. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Holoprosencephaly and Associations With Clinical Outcome: Implications for Fetal Counseling.

Holoprosencephaly is the most common malformation of forebrain development and includes a wide spectrum of severity. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) associations with outcome. Of the 63 cases identified on antenatal ultrasonography, 28 cases were confirmed on fetal MRI.

Effective Palliative Care in the Trauma Setting.

A 55-year-old man undergoes emergent exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy following a motorcycle collision. Following surgery, he is found to have a traumatic brain injury requiring decompressive craniectomy and intracranial pressure monitoring. The patient then continues to have complications throughout his hospital course.

Physical Examination Is Predictive of Cauda Equina Syndrome: MRI to Rule Out Diagnosis Is Unnecessary.

Study Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Objectives: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a neurologic emergency, and delay in diagnosis can result in irreversible impairment. Our purpose was to determine the value of physical examination in diagnosis of CES in patients complaining of bladder and/or bowel complications in the emergency department.

Risk Factors Associated With Femoral Ring Allograft Breakage in ALIF.

Study Design: This is a retrospective chart review.

Objectives: To identify the incidence of, and variables correlated with, femoral ring allograft (FRA) fracture following anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF).

Methods: All patients who underwent ALIF using FRAs at an academic institution over 10 years were included.