Neural responses to reward, threat, and emotion regulation and transition to hazardous alcohol use.

Aims: Reward processing and regulation of emotions are thought to impact the development of addictive behaviors. In this study, we aimed to determine whether neural responses during reward anticipation, threat appraisal, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reappraisal predicted the transition from low-level to hazardous alcohol use over a 12-month period.

Methods: Seventy-eight individuals aged 18-22 with low-level alcohol use [i.

Trajectories of patients relisted for liver transplantation.

Introduction And Objectives: Recurrent cirrhosis complicates 10-30% of Liver transplants (LT) and can lead to consideration for re-transplantation. We evaluated the trajectories of relisted versus primary listed patients on the waitlist using a competing risk framework.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively examined 1,912 patients listed for LT at our centre between from 2012 to 2020.

Telehealth palliative care interventions for patients with advanced cancer: a scoping review.

Purpose: Telehealth allows patients to maintain contact with healthcare providers without necessitating travel, and is becoming increasingly utilized. The purpose of this study is to describe the components of telehealth palliative care interventions for patients with advanced cancer before the COVID-19 pandemic; identify any intervention components associated with improvements in outcomes; and evaluate reporting of interventions.

Methods: This scoping review was registered on the Open Science Framework.

Developing a disease-specific annotation protocol for VHL gene curation using Hypothes.is.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes individuals to developing tumors in many organs. There is significant phenotypic variability and genetic variants encountered within this syndrome, posing a considerable challenge to patient care. The lack of VHL variant data sharing paired with the absence of aggregated genotype-phenotype information results in an arduous process, when characterizing genetic variants and predicting patient prognosis.

Future public health emergencies and disasters: sustainability and insights into support programs for healthcare providers.

Background: The mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been at the forefront throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. While workplace-based support programs have been developed in hospitals globally, few systematically collected data. While critical to their success, information on these programs and the experience of mental healthcare providers (MHP) who support colleagues is limited.

Supporting the Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults: Integrated Palliative Care and Psychiatry Clinic for Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer.

Clinical guidelines aimed at cancer care for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) encourage early integration of palliative care, yet there are scarce data to support these recommendations. We conducted a retrospective chart review of AYA patients, aged 15 to 39 years, who were referred to the Integrated AYA Palliative Care and Psychiatry Clinic (IAPCPC) at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between May 2017 and November 2019 ( = 69). Demographic data, symptom prevalence, change in symptom scores between baseline consultation and first follow-up, and intensity of end-of-life care were collected from the patients' medical charts, analyzed, and reported.

The impact of synchronous malignancies on survival in patients with early stage curable non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: To determine if synchronous extrapulmonary malignancies in early stage lung cancer impact survival and cost of care in the current era of improved therapies and diagnostics.

Methods: Patients with stage I and II lung cancer were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry and prognostic factors were obtained from provincial health administrative databases. Synchronous extrapulmonary malignancies were defined as those detected within 6 months from diagnosis of the lung primary.

Synthetic β-hydroxy ketone derivative inhibits cholinesterases, rescues oxidative stress and ameliorates cognitive deficits in 5XFAD mice model of AD.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, chronic and age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people across the world. In pursuit of new anti-AD remedies, 2-[Hydroxy-(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-cyclopentanone (NMC), a β hydroxyl ketone derivative was studied to explore its neuroprotective potentials against AD. The in-vitro AChE and BuChE enzymes inhibition were evaluated by Ellman protocol and antioxidant potentials of NMC by DPPH free radical scavenging assay.

Practical innovation: Advanced practice nurses in cancer care.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to gather emerging practice evidence, through consultation with Advance Practice Nurses (APN), to fill the evidence gaps in the published guidelines, Effective Use of Advanced Practice Nurses in the Delivery of Adult Cancer Services in Ontario, and to provide a set of expert panel recommendations to build a research agenda to promote the collection and publication of Level 1 and 2 evidence.

Method: A three-step RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Methodology (RAM) modified Delphi process was used to solicit expert opinion on the use of APNs in adult cancer care in Ontario.

Results: Thirty-four (34) case examples of APN use were gathered.

Innovation pratique : infirmières en pratique avancée et soins du cancer.

Objectifs: La présente étude avait pour but de recueillir, en consultation avec les infirmières en pratique avancée (IPA), des données probantes sur les pratiques émergentes afin de combler les lacunes à cet égard dans les lignes directrices sur le recours judicieux aux infirmières en pratique avancée dans la prestation des services aux adultes atteints de cancer en Ontario (Effective Use of Advanced Practice Nurses in the Delivery of Adult Cancer Services in Ontario), ainsi que de proposer un ensemble de recommandations, formulées par un groupe d'experts, pour créer un programme de recherche qui permettra de recueillir et de publier des données probantes de niveau 1 et de niveau 2.

MÉthodologie: Une enquête Delphi modifiée à trois tours faisant appel à la méthodologie mise au point par RAND et UCLA (aussi appelée ≪ Appropriateness Methodology ≫) a été utilisée pour solliciter l'avis des spécialistes sur le recours aux IPA pour le soin des adultes atteints de cancer en Ontario.

RÉsultats: Trente-quatre (34) cas de recours aux IPA ont été recensés.

Evaluating the effect of a group pre-treatment chemotherapy psycho-education session for chemotherapy-naive gynecologic cancer patients and their caregivers.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of a pre-chemotherapy education class on chemotherapy-naïve patients diagnosed with gynecologic cancer and their informal caregivers.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a cancer centre in Toronto, Canada. All women diagnosed with gynecologic cancer, who were scheduled to receive chemotherapy treatment, and their caregivers were invited to attend the GyneChemo class, newly introduced as the centre's standard of care.

DJ-1 (Park7) affects the gut microbiome, metabolites and the development of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).

The proper communication between gut and brain is pivotal for the maintenance of health and, dysregulation of the gut-brain axis can lead to several clinical disorders. In Parkinson's disease (PD) 85% of all patients experienced constipation many years before showing any signs of motor phenotypes. For differential diagnosis and preventive treatment, there is an urgent need for the identification of biomarkers indicating early disease stages long before the disease phenotype manifests.

A cultural and gender-based approach to understanding patient adjustment to chronic heart failure.

Background: Persons identifying as Black, Chinese, or South Asian make up the largest minority groups in Canada. Individuals with chronic heart failure (CHF) from these groups experience a greater rate of re-hospitalization and poorer quality of life. Although experts agree that culture can shape the experience of CHF, little is known about how patients from these minority populations define a good quality of life with CHF and what barriers they experience when carrying out self-care behaviours.

Pain descriptors of taxane acute pain syndrome (TAPS) in breast cancer patients-a prospective clinical study.

Background: Taxane acute pain syndrome (TAPS) is a clinically significant side-effect of taxane chemotherapy, often described as arthralgia and myalgia that occurs 2-3 days after infusion. The aim of this study was to assess pain descriptors used by patients during their experience of TAPS.

Methods: A clinical prospective cohort study was conducted on breast cancer patients who had not received prior chemotherapy and were asked to complete diaries on three consecutive docetaxel treatment cycles on days 1-7, 14, and 21 (acute phase).

Patient-reported symptoms after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: Breast cancer and its treatment are associated with varying symptoms. The province of Ontario (13.6 million) has implemented a provincial programme to screen for symptoms among cancer patients using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS).

Development of a Professional Certification in Cancer Patient Education.

Patient educators come into the field from diverse professional backgrounds and often lack training in how to teach and develop patient education resources since no formal patient education professional certification program exists. A professional certification program for patient educators would further define the professional scope of practice and reduce variability in performance. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the level of interest among Canadian cancer patient educators in a patient education professional certification program and (2) determine the competencies to be included in the professional certification program.

Rational design and identification of immuno-oncology drug combinations.

Background: Clinical trials investigating immuno-oncology (IO) drug combinations are largely based on empiricism or limited non-clinical evaluations. This study identified the current combination IO drug clinical trials and investigated how tumour molecular profiling can help rationalise IO drug combinations.

Methods: IO targets were identified via PubMed search and expert opinion.

Ready to Go Home? Patients' Experiences of the Discharge Process in an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Program for Colorectal Surgery.

Background: With the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs, patients are being discharged earlier and require more post-discharge teaching, educational materials, and information.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess satisfaction, discharge needs, and follow-up concerns of patients within an ERAS implementation program (iERAS).

Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, the iERAS program was undertaken at an academic hospital where 554 patients having elective colorectal surgery were enrolled.

Compliance with Urinary Catheter Removal Guidelines Leads to Improved Outcome in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Patients.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether compliance with Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) urinary catheter recommendations is associated with decreased urinary tract infections (UTI) and length of stay (LOS).

Methods: Patients having colorectal surgery at 15 academic hospitals were included. Patient and outcome data were collected prospectively.

Cancer risks in a population-based study of 70,570 agricultural workers: results from the Canadian census health and Environment cohort (CanCHEC).

Background: Agricultural workers may be exposed to potential carcinogens including pesticides, sensitizing agents and solar radiation. Previous studies indicate increased risks of hematopoietic cancers and decreased risks at other sites, possibly due to differences in lifestyle or risk behaviours. We present findings from CanCHEC (Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort), the largest national population-based cohort of agricultural workers.

Role of phosphatase and tensin homolog in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Aims: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) redistributes blood flow from poorly ventilated to better aerated areas in the lung, thereby optimizing ventilation-perfusion ratio (V/Q). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) contraction in response to hypoxia is triggered by Ca2+ influx via transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) cation channels that have translocated to caveolae in the plasma membrane. Since phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was suggested to regulate TRPC6 in endothelial cells, we aimed to define its role in the hypoxic response of PASMCs and as a putative mediator of HPV.

The association between multimorbidity and hospitalization is modified by individual demographics and physician continuity of care: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Multimorbidity poses a significant clinical challenge and has been linked to greater health services use, including hospitalization; however, we have little knowledge about the influence of contextual factors on outcomes in this population.

Objectives: To describe the extent to which the association between multimorbidity and hospitalization is modified by age, gender, primary care practice model, or continuity of care (COC) among adults with at least one chronic condition.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study with linked population-based administrative data.

Small-area spatio-temporal analyses of bladder and kidney cancer risk in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Background: Bladder and kidney cancers are the ninth and twelfth most common type of cancer worldwide, respectively. Internationally, rates vary ten-fold, with several countries showing rising incidence. This study describes the spatial and spatio-temporal variations in the incidence risk of these diseases for Nova Scotia, a province located in Atlantic Canada, where rates for bladder and kidney cancer exceed those of the national average by about 25% and 35%, respectively.

Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men.

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified diesel exhaust as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and gasoline exhaust as a possible carcinogen (Group 2B) based studies of lung cancer, however the evidence for other sites is limited. We addressed this question by investigating exposure to diesel and gasoline emissions with respect to risk of colorectal cancer in men.

Methods: We used data from a population-based case-control study with incident cases of colon (n = 931) and rectal (n = 840) cancer and 1360 controls from 7 Canadian provinces conducted in 1994-1997.