Special Section: Relationships Between Executive Function and Sports / Exercise.

This short article is a commentary on this special section of Perceptual and Motor Skills entitled Relationships between Executive Function and Sports/Exercise. Given the vast executive function research in sports already published, this moment is opportune for highlighting (a) progress to date, (b) research limitations yet to address, and (c) inspirational new findings. The articles that follow illustrate these themes.

Postoperative Analgesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols: Trends and Updates.

Multimodal analgesia is an effective strategy to decrease opioid use after surgery and has been a mainstay of the surgical contribution to combat the opioid epidemic. Postoperative multimodal analgesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) continues to evolve as different adjuncts are added and removed based on the most up to date literature. This review examines recent trends in ERAS analgesia and what current evidence and research supports as well as those adjuncts that may not be as beneficial as once thought.

Erector Spinae Plane Blocks for Traumatic Rib Fractures: A Prospective, Interventional Study.

Background: Rib fractures are present in 10% of all trauma patients and 30% of patients with significant chest trauma. Pain from rib fractures results in decreased respiratory effort which can lead to atelectasis and potentially pneumonia and death. Pain control is therefore of utmost importance in preventing the complications of rib fractures by improving respiratory function.

Ground Level Falls in Patients Over 60, Do Race and Socioeconomic Status Affect Outcome?

Background: Falls are a significant source of morbidity, mortality, and health care spending in the elderly. The objective was to identify whether race, insurance status, and median income by zip code were associated with discharge disposition, readmission within 90 days, or mortality within 1 year of ground-level falls in patients aged 60-90.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 926 patients aged 60-90 treated for ground-level falls.

Thirteen-Centimeter Breast Lymphoma.

Lymphoma of the breast is a rare diagnosis, accounting for less than 0.5% of all breast malignancies. Presentation is usually similar to that of breast cancer, with a painless palpable mass.

Outcomes of Trauma Patients with Flail Chest and Surgical Rib Stabilization.

The goal of this project was to describe the current practices of this institution and identify which patients benefit from surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF). A total of 1429 trauma patients admitted to our Level 1 center with rib fractures between January 1, 2014 and June 22, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Flail chest was observed in 43 (3.

Differences in Outcome Between Open vs Laparoscopic Insertion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts.

Background: Abdominal access during ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion has historically been obtained by neurosurgeons via an open abdominal approach. With recent advances in laparoscopy, neurosurgeons frequently consult general surgery for aid during the procedure. The goal of this study is to identify if laparoscopic assistance improves the overall outcomes of the procedure.

Diatrizoate (Gastrograffin®) Small Bowel Follow Through for Small Bowel Obstructions: Timing and Outcomes.

Introduction: The advent of the Gastrograffin® small bowel follow through (G-SBFT) has resulted in a decreased rate of operative intervention of small bowel obstructions (SBO); however, there is no data to suggest when G-SBFT should be performed.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 548 patients, admitted to 1 of 9 hospitals with a diagnosis of SBO. Patients were divided into two categories with regards to timing of G-SBFT: before (early) or after (late) 48 hours from admission.

A scoping review of the pathophysiology of COVID-19.

COVID-19 is a highly heterogeneous and complex medical disorder; indeed, severe COVID-19 is probably amongst the most complex of medical conditions known to medical science. While enormous strides have been made in understanding the molecular pathways involved in patients infected with coronaviruses an overarching and comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is lacking. Such an understanding is essential in the formulation of effective prophylactic and treatment strategies.

Early Adverse Events Following Pediatric Mandibular Advancement: Analysis of the ACS NSQIP-Pediatric Database.

Objective: This study aims to assess early adverse events and patient factors associated with complications following mandible distraction osteogenesis (MDO).

Materials And Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-Pediatric) database, years 2012 to 2019, was queried for patients undergoing mandible advancement via relevant Current Procedural Terminology and postoperative diagnosis codes. Thirty-day adverse events and co-morbidities are assessed.

Identification of Sarcopenia in Elderly Trauma Patients: The Value of Clinical Competency and Experience.

Introduction: There is currently no standard definition of sarcopenia, which has often been associated with frailty. A commonly cited surrogate measure of sarcopenia is psoas muscle size. The purpose of this prospective study is to assess medical providers' capabilities to identify frail elderly trauma patients and consequent impact on outcomes after intensive care unit admission.

Clinical and Scientific Rationale for the "MATH+" Hospital Treatment Protocol for COVID-19.

In December 2019, COVID-19, a severe respiratory illness caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China. The greatest impact that COVID-19 had was on intensive care units (ICUs), given that approximately 20% of hospitalized cases developed acute respiratory failure (ARF) requiring ICU admission. Based on the assumption that COVID-19 represented a viral pneumonia and no anti-coronaviral therapy existed, nearly all national and international health care societies' recommended "supportive care only" avoiding other therapies outside of randomized controlled trials, with a specific prohibition against the use of corticosteroids in treatment.

Surgical Faculty Perception of Service-Based Advanced Practice Provider Impact: A Southwestern Surgical Congress Multicenter Survey.

Background: A previous single-center survey of trauma and general surgery faculty demonstrated perceived positive impact of trauma and surgical subspecialty service-based advanced practice providers (SB APPs). The aim of this multicenter survey was to further validate these findings.

Methods: Faculty surgeons on teams that employ SB APPs at 8 academic centers completed an electronic survey querying perception about advanced practice provider (APP) competency and impact.

Intraoperative Applications of Topical Corticosteroid Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Objectives: To provide an overview of recent techniques and technologies for the application of topical corticosteroid therapy immediately following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods: A comprehensive search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify publications between January 2000 and December 2019 detailing clinical trials that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of intraoperative applications of topical corticosteroids for CRS.

Results: A total of 21 articles, all of which highlight a variety of corticosteroid-infused products, including Propel corticosteroid-eluting stents, NasoPore, Merocel, SinuBand, calcium alginate, and bioresorbable gel-type products, are included for review.

The Prevalence of Bacterial Infection in Patients Undergoing Elective ACDF for Degenerative Cervical Spine Conditions: A Prospective Cohort Study With Contaminant Control.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bacterial infection, with the use of a contaminant control, in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods: After institutional review board approval, patients undergoing elective ACDF were prospectively enrolled.

Three-Year Follow-up of Patients With Iliac Occlusive Disease Treated With the Viabahn Balloon- Expandable Endoprosthesis.

Purpose: To assess the midterm safety and effectiveness of the Gore Viabahn Balloon-Expandable Endoprosthesis (VBX Stent-Graft) in the treatment of patients with de novo or restenotic aortoiliac lesions.

Materials And Methods: The prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, single-arm VBX FLEX clinical study ( identifier: NCT02080871) evaluated 134 patients (mean age 66±9.5 years; 79 men) up to 3 years after treatment with the VBX Stent-Graft.