An Unusual Case of Mandibular Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Intimacy with an Impacted Wisdom Tooth.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common head and neck malignancy. It can occur in the mandible or maxilla without a preexisting oral mucosal lesion. Often, the clinical and radiographic presentation of SCC directs the clinician to favour malignancy over other pathological conditions.

Neurosarcoidosis resulting in thoracic radiculopathy: a case report.

Background: Thoracic radiculopathy is a rare etiology of vague abdominal pain. There are few reports of neurosarcoidosis manifesting as a thoracic radiculopathy, which highlights the diagnostic challenge.

Case Presentation: A 54-year-old Caucasian man was being investigated for right upper quadrant abdominal pain and was found to have diffuse lymphadenopathy on imaging.

Critical role of spectrin in hearing development and deafness.

Inner ear hair cells (HCs) detect sound through the deflection of mechanosensory stereocilia. Stereocilia are inserted into the cuticular plate of HCs by parallel actin rootlets, where they convert sound-induced mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. The molecules that support these rootlets and enable them to withstand constant mechanical stresses underpin our ability to hear.

Transcriptome and proteome analyses to investigate the molecular underpinnings of cold response in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) is an insect that can cope with prolonged periods of low temperatures exposure. The molecular changes required to adapt to such conditions have not been thoroughly investigated in this insect. The current work aims at characterizing deregulated transcripts and proteins in adult L.

Age and frailty as risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that increases in prevalence with advanced age. While a multitude of factors contribute to the development of OA, ageing has been implicated as a major driving force leading to an inability of the joint to repair itself and maintain normal health. In aged individuals, changes in joint cellular composition and signalling mechanisms have been observed which could lead to the development of degenerative joint disease.

The role of repeat fine needle aspiration in managing indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Background: The Bethesda System is the most widely used for reporting fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. It recommends a repeat FNA (rFNA) when initial results are category I or III. It is unclear how often rFNA provides additional diagnostic information.

The lysosomal TRPML1 channel regulates triple negative breast cancer development by promoting mTORC1 and purinergic signaling pathways.

The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that comprises approximately 10%-20% of breast cancers is an aggressive subtype lacking effective therapeutics. Among various signaling pathways, mTORC1 and purinergic signals have emerged as potentially fruitful targets for clinical therapy of TNBC. Unfortunately, drugs targeting these signaling pathways do not successfully inhibit the progression of TNBC, partially due to the fact that these signaling pathways are essential for the function of all types of cells.

Single dose of DPX-rPA, an enhanced-delivery anthrax vaccine formulation, protects against a lethal spore inhalation challenge.

Anthrax is a serious biological threat caused by pulmonary exposure to aerosolized spores of . Biothrax (anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA)) is the only Food and Drug Administration-licensed vaccine and requires five administrations over 12 months with annual boosting to maintain pre-exposure prophylaxis. Here we report the evaluation of a single intramuscular injection of recombinant -protective antigen (rPA) formulated in the DPX delivery platform.

The Forgotten Skeletogenic Condensations: A Comparison of Early Skeletal Development Amongst Vertebrates.

The development of a skeletogenic condensation is perhaps the most critical yet considerably overlooked stage of skeletogenesis. Described in this comprehensive review are the mechanisms that facilitate skeletogenic condensation formation, growth, and maintenance to allow for overt differentiation into a skeletal element. This review discusses the current knowledge of gene regulation and characterization of skeletogenic condensations in the chicken, mouse, zebrafish, and other developmental models.

CSV2018: The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology.

The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology (CSV2018) was held in June 2018 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, as a featured event marking the 200th anniversary of Dalhousie University. CSV2018 attracted 175 attendees from across Canada and around the world, more than double the number that attended the first CSV symposium two years earlier. CSV2018 provided a forum to discuss a wide range of topics in virology including human, veterinary, plant, and microbial pathogens.

Identification of baicalin from Bofutsushosan and Daisaikoto as a potent inducer of glucose uptake and modulator of insulin signaling-associated pathways.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that can lead to long-term complications including heart diseases, stroke, retinopathy, and renal failure. Treatment strategies include stimulating glucose uptake and controlling blood glucose level. Bofutsushosan (BOF) and Daisaikoto (DAI) are two herb-based kampo medicines that have been demonstrated to improve metabolism-associated disorders including obesity, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver.

Sleep deprivation-induced pre- and postsynaptic modulation of orexin neurons.

Sleep/wake states are controlled by sleep- and wake-promoting systems, and transitions between states are thought to be regulated by their reciprocal inhibition and homeostatic sleep need. Orexin neurons are known to promote wake maintenance and stabilize the sleep/wake switch. Thus, we asked whether orexin neurons are modulated by homeostatic sleep need.

Fractionation of embryonic cardiac progenitor cells and evaluation of their differentiation potential.

Mid-gestation mouse ventricles (E11.5) contain a larger number of Nkx2.5 cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs).

The application of 'valence' to the idea of household food insecurity in Canada.

Household food insecurity (HFI), lack of access to adequate food due to financial constraint, has been studied extensively in Canada and is well-recognized for its negative impacts on population health. Despite considerable high-level political recognition, the issue has evoked little substantive policy deliberation. We suggest that Béland and Cox's recently articulated construct of 'valence' may be useful in examining why the idea of HFI has motivated little policy response.

The whole genome insight on condition-specific redox activity and arsenopyrite interaction promoting As-mobilization by strain Lysinibacillus sp. B2A1.

A gram-positive spore former, Lysinibacillus sp. B2A1 was isolated from a high arsenic containing groundwater of Beimen2A well, Chianan Plain area, Southwestern Taiwan. Noteworthy, in the subsurface-mimicking anoxic incubation with a Na-lactate amendment system, this isolate could interact with arsenic-source mineral arsenopyrite and enhance arsenic mobilization.

Clinical assessment of arthritic knee pain by infrared thermography.

Background Infrared thermography (IRT) provides accurate measurements of surface temperatures. In inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, tissue temperature is elevated, which can be measured on the periarticular skin surface by IRT. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence for the relationship between skin temperature (measured by IRT) and arthritic knee pain and discuss the limitations of IRT in clinical settings of arthritis.

A Scoping Review of Modifiable Risk Factors in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis: Building for the Future.

Knowledge of the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors in the pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) population is limited. We therefore conducted a scoping review, following the framework provided by Arksey and O'Malley. Four databases were searched for pediatric MS and modifiable lifestyle factors using index terms and keywords, from inception to May 2018.

NKR-P1B expression in gut-associated innate lymphoid cells is required for the control of gastrointestinal tract infections.

Helper-type innate lymphoid cells (ILC) play an important role in intestinal homeostasis. Members of the NKR-P1 gene family are expressed in various innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, and their cognate Clr ligand family members are expressed in various specialized tissues, including the intestinal epithelium, where they may play an important role in mucosal-associated innate immune responses. In this study, we show that the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor, but not the Ly49 receptor, is expressed in gut-resident NK cells, ILC, and a subset of γδT cells in a tissue-specific manner.

Sex differences in the impact of secondhand harm from alcohol on student mental health and university sense of belonging.

Purpose: University students report high rates of secondhand harm from alcohol (i.e., harm from another person's drinking).

The anaphylatoxin C3a primes model colonic epithelial cells for expression of inflammatory mediators through Gαi.

Multiple studies have identified that complement becomes activated during inflammation of the intestines yet it is unclear what roles the split complement molecules play. The epithelium, in particular, may be impacted and accordingly, we first discovered that colonic cell lines indeed possess the C5aR. Here we examined whether these cells also possess the C3aR.

A Potential Role for MMPs during the Formation of Non-Neurogenic Placodes.

The formation of non-neurogenic placodes is critical prior to the development of several epithelial derivatives (e.g., feathers, teeth, etc.

Synovial nerve fiber density decreases with naturally-occurring osteoarthritis in horses.

Objective: To measure the nerve fiber density in synovial membranes from healthy and OA equine joints and to investigate the relationship between synovial innervation and OA severity, synovial vascularity and synovitis.

Design: Twenty-five equine metacarpophalangeal joints were collected post-mortem. The joints were dissected and the macroscopic lesions of the articular cartilage were scored.