Cardiac MRI Assessment of Nonischemic Myocardial Inflammation: State of the Art Review and Update on Myocarditis Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination.

Myocarditis is a nonischemic inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can be triggered by a multitude of events, including viral infection and toxins. Recently, there has been heightened interest in myocarditis given its association with COVID-19 vaccination. Timely identification of myocarditis can affect patient management and prognosis.

Combined simultaneous FDG-PET/MRI with T1 and T2 mapping as an imaging biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of suspected cardiac sarcoidosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of combined cardiac F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI with T1/T2 mapping in the evaluation of suspected cardiac sarcoidosis.

Methods: Patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis were prospectively enrolled for cardiac F-FDG PET/MRI, including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1/T2 mapping with calculation of extracellular volume (ECV). The final diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis was established using modified JMHW guidelines.

Defining cardiovascular toxicities of cancer therapies: an International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS) consensus statement.

The discipline of Cardio-Oncology has seen tremendous growth over the past decade. It is devoted to the cardiovascular (CV) care of the cancer patient, especially to the mitigation and management of CV complications or toxicities of cancer therapies, which can have profound implications on prognosis. To that effect, many studies have assessed CV toxicities in patients undergoing various types of cancer therapies; however, direct comparisons have proven difficult due to lack of uniformity in CV toxicity endpoints.

Stratification and management of patients ineligible for lung cancer screening.

This study identifies participants ineligible for lung cancer screening with the greatest likelihood of future eligibility. Lung cancer risk in participants enrolled in longitudinal lung screening was assessed using the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian lung cancer risk calculator (PLCO) at two timepoints: baseline (T) and follow-up (T). Separate analyses were performed on four PLCO eligibility thresholds (3.

Association of different positive end-expiratory pressure selection strategies with all-cause mortality in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has high morbidity and mortality. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is commonly used in patients with ARDS but the best method to select the optimal PEEP level and reduce all-cause mortality is unclear. The primary objective of this network meta-analysis is to summarize the available evidence and to compare the effect of different PEEP selection strategies on all-cause mortality in adult patients with ARDS.

"Caregiving is like on the job training but nobody has the manual": Canadian caregivers' perceptions of their roles within the healthcare system.

Background: Stepping into the role of an unpaid caregiver to offer help is often considered a natural expectation of family members or friends. In Canada, such contributions are substantial in terms of healthcare provision but this comes at a considerable cost to the caregivers in both health and economic terms.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a secondary analysis of a collection of qualitative interviews with 39 caregivers of people with chronic physical illness to assess how they described their particular roles in caring for a loved one.

CT-determined sarcopenia as a predictor of post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing an emergency laparotomy.

Purpose: Emergency laparotomy has a high reported thirty-day mortality, ranging from 11 to 15%. Current peri-operative risk assessment tools may poorly estimate the risk of perioperative mortality. We sought to determine if CT-determined sarcopenia may be a useful predictor of post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing an emergency laparotomy.

Feedback Delivery in an Academic Cancer Centre: Reflections From an R2C2-based Microlearning Course.

Feedback delivery and training have not been characterized in the context of academic cancer centres. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and utility of a microlearning course based on the R2C2 (Relationship, Reaction, Content, Coaching) feedback model and characterize multidisciplinary healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives on existing feedback practices in an academic cancer centre. Five HCP (two radiation oncologists, one medical oncologist, and two allied health professionals) with supervisory roles were selected by purposive sampling to participate in a prospective longitudinal qualitative study.

LI-RADS treatment response lexicon: review, refresh and resolve with emerging data.

The imaging findings after loco regional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma are variable based on the type of treatment used, the timing interval of imaging after treatment, and the cross-sectional modality used for treatment response assessment. Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Treatment Response Algorithm (TRA) is a relatively new standardized method of evaluating treatment response after loco regional therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma. In this article, we provide an overview of the evolution of the treatment response algorithm, its current applicability and its outlook for the future.

Left Ventricular Mass and Wall Thickness Measurements Using Echocardiography and Cardiac MRI in Patients with Fabry Disease: Clinical Significance of Discrepant Findings.

Purpose: To compare transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac MRI measurements of left ventricular mass (LVM) and maximum wall thickness (MWT) in patients with Fabry disease and evaluate the clinical significance of discrepancies between modalities.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-eight patients with Fabry disease (mean age, 46 years ± 14 [standard deviation]; 63% female) who underwent TTE and cardiac MRI within a 6-month interval between 2008 and 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The clinical significance of measurement discrepancies was evaluated with respect to diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), eligibility for disease-specific therapy, and prognosis.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Radiologic Gastrostomy Performed With and Without Gastropexy: Technical Success, Patient-Reported Outcomes and Safety.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare balloon-retention percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) tube insertion performed with and without gastropexy, primarily focusing on pain and patient-reported outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Research ethics board approved a dual-arm, single-centre, randomized trial of 60 patients undergoing primary 14-French PRG tube insertion (NCT04107974). Patients were randomized to receive either PRG with gastropexy or without gastropexy.

Midazolam for sedation before procedures in adults and children: a systematic review update.

Background: Midazolam is used for sedation before diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures by several routes including oral, intravenous, intranasal and intramuscular. This is an update of a Cochrane review published in 2016, which aimed to determine the evidence on the effectiveness of midazolam for sedation when administered before a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in adults and children.

Methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and two trials registers up to May 2020 together with reference checking to identify additional studies.

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Ablation for Localized Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: Early Results of a Phase II Trial.

Background To reduce adverse effects of whole-gland therapy, participants with localized clinically significant prostate cancer can undergo MRI-guided focal therapy. Purpose To explore safety and early oncologic and functional outcomes of targeted focal high-intensity focused ultrasound performed under MRI-guided focused ultrasound for intermediate-risk clinically significant prostate cancer. Materials and Methods In this prospective phase II trial, between February 2016 and July 2019, men with unifocal clinically significant prostate cancer visible at MRI were treated with transrectal MRI-guided focused ultrasound.

Hepatic Arterial Blood Flow Modulation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study of the Influence of Intraarterial Norepinephrine Assessed with CT Perfusion.

Purpose: This pilot study aims to evaluate the effect of hepatic intraarterial norepinephrine injection in vasculature modulation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors.

Materials And Methods: This is a single-center prospective study of patients with HCC with proven single-lobe tumors > 3 cm. Eight patients were included, with a mean age of 63 y ± 8.

Development and prospective validation of a scoring system for the Basic Endoscopic Skills Training (BEST) box.

Aims: The increased use of endoscopy as a minimally invasive therapeutic technique has created a great demand for endoscopic training. The Basic Endoscopic Skills Training (BEST) box provides a low-cost solution by adapting the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) box for flexible endoscopic simulation. The BEST box consists of six endoscopic tasks with a 5-min time limit per task.

Pathological entities that may affect the lungs and the myocardium. Evaluation with chest CT and cardiac MR.

Certain entities may simultaneously involve the lungs and the myocardium. Knowing their cardiac and thoracic manifestations enhances the understanding of those conditions and increases awareness and suspicion for possible concurrent cardiothoracic involvement. Entities that can present with pulmonary and myocardial involvement include infiltrative diseases like sarcoidosis and amyloidosis, eosinophil-associated conditions including eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) and lupus erythematosus and genetic disorders like Fabry disease (FD).

Increased Spread of Native T1 Values Assessed With MRI as a Marker of Cardiac Involvement in Fabry Disease.

Cardiac involvement is the leading cause of mortality in Fabry disease. Noninvasive markers of cardiac involvement are needed to identify patients at high risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of segmental native T1 spread as an imaging biomarker in Fabry disease.

Postoperative complications of pulmonary resection.

Thoracic surgery has seen a resurgence in recent years with increasing numbers of cases taken on since the mid-2000s. There has been a paradigm shift in how we manage lung cancer with more emphasis on surgical resection, and this has been aided by minimally invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) techniques. As a result, the prevalence of postoperative findings and complications is also increasing, and it is increasingly important for the general radiologist to recognise and diagnose these conditions as thoracic surgical patients may present acutely to non-thoracic surgical institutions.