Sex and APOE Genotype Alter the Basal and Induced Inflammatory States of Primary Astrocytes from Humanized Targeted Replacement Mice.

Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and sex are significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with females demonstrating increased risk modulated by APOE genotype. APOE is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, however, there is a lack of comprehensive assessments of sex differences in astrocytes stratified by APOE genotype. Here, we examined the response of mixed-sex and sex-specific neonatal APOE3 and APOE4 primary mouse astrocytes (PMA) to a cytokine mix of IL1b, TNFa, and IFNg.

An Ounce of Prevention: Building resilience and targeting anxiety in young children.

Background: Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and can develop as early as the preschool years. Therefore, providing young children who display early signs of anxiety with skills to prevent the development of later psychopathology is invaluable. The current study evaluates the effectiveness of Fun FRIENDS, an anxiety prevention and resilience program for young children.

Differential Treatment of Sexual Assault Cases by US Army Law Enforcement Personnel.

Using data received through the Freedom of Information Act, this observational study explores whether Army law enforcement personnel do not find probable cause in sexual assault cases at higher rates than in other serious crimes. The study compares sexual assaults, homicides, robberies, and assaults in the Army from 2008 to 2014 and July 2015 to 2017. For the first period, the study finds that the odds are 5.

Laparoscopic Versus Laparotomy Surgical Interventions for Trauma Patients With Single Upper Left Quadrant Penetrating Injuries: Analysis of the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program Dataset.

Background: We aim to identify patient cohorts where laparoscopy can be safely utilized with comparable or better outcomes to laparotomy among patients with single penetrating LUQ injuries with a hypothesis that compared to laparotomy, laparoscopy may be associated with equal or improved outcomes of low injury severity patients.

Methods: Retrospective review of the ACS-TQP-Participant Use File 2016-2019 dataset. Patients with single LUQ penetrating injuries were included.

Care v. Caring: Obligation, Duty, and Love Among Latino Alzheimer's Family Caregivers.

The number of Latinos living with Alzheimer's disease is projected to grow. Latinos currently make one-fifth of U.S.

Exploring the Impact of Mental Fatigue and Emotional Suppression on the Performance of High-Intensity Endurance Exercise.

This study investigated the extent to which mental fatigue and emotional suppression affected exercise endurance. Twelve participants performed cycling endurance tests at 80% of their peak power up to the point of exhaustion. Two experimental conditions (mental fatigue [MF] and emotion suppression conditions [ES]) and a control condition (CO) were administered.

Conduct Problems As a Pathway From Childhood Adversity to Community Violence Exposure: The Protective Roles of Caregiver Knowledge and Involvement.

Exposure to community violence (ECV) poses a prevalent threat to the health and development of adolescents. Research indicates those who have more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are at higher risk for ECV, which further exacerbates risk of negative mental and physical health impacts. Additionally, those with more ACEs are more likely to exhibit conduct problems, which has also been linked to risk for ECV.

HIV Care Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic as Perceived by Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups Served by the Ryan White Program, Miami-Dade County, Florida.

The Ryan White Program (RWP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida made several modifications to keep HIV care accessible during the COVID-19 Pandemic, including expanding telehealth services, increasing access to HIV medications, and waiving required lab tests for service recertification. We assessed ease of access to medical providers, medical case managers, and antiretroviral medications during the COVID-19 Pandemic among 298 Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Haitian people with HIV (PWH) served by the RWP Part A, Miami-Dade County, Florida using a telephone-administered survey between October 2020 and January 2021. Overall, most clients reported similar or better access compared to before the Pandemic.

Moving toward AI-assisted decision-making: Observation on clinicians' management of multimedia patient information in synchronous and asynchronous telehealth contexts.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) intends to support clinicians' patient diagnosis decisions by processing and identifying insights from multimedia patient information.

Objective: We explored clinicians' current decision-making patterns using multimedia patient information (MPI) provided by AI algorithms and identified areas where AI can support clinicians in diagnostic decision-making.

Design: We recruited 87 advanced practice nursing (APN) students who had experience making diagnostic decisions using AI algorithms under various care contexts, including telehealth and other healthcare modalities.

Evaluation of Citation Inaccuracies in Surgical Literature by Journal Type, Study Design, and Level of Evidence: Towards Safeguarding the Peer-Review Process.

Background: Accurate citation practices are key to furthering knowledge in an efficient and valid manner. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of citation inaccuracies in original research from the top-ranked surgical journals and to evaluate the impact level of evidence has on citation inaccuracy.

Methods: A retrospective study evaluating the citation accuracy of the top 10 ranked surgical journals using the SJCR indicators.

Reassessing Diabetes and APOE Genotype as Potential Interacting Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease.

To assess whether diabetes alone or in association with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype increases the risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) diagnosis. A retrospective cohort study of 33,456 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database. Participants with one or two APOE ε4 alleles had 2.

Provider Perceptions of Barriers to HIV Care Among Women with HIV in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and Possible Solutions: A Qualitative Study.

In Miami-Dade County, women with HIV (WWH) enrolled in Ryan White Program (RWP) services belong to groups that have historically faced structural barriers to care. To examine provider perceptions of WWH's barriers to care and elicit possible solutions, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 20) with medical case managers and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) healthcare providers from medical case management sites serving WWH enrolled in the Miami-Dade RWP. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed thematically by two coders through an iterative process; disagreements were resolved through consensus.

COVID-19 and Eating Problems in Daily Life: The Mediating Roles of Stress, Negative Affect and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to individuals' mental health. People worldwide are experiencing increased stress, negative affect, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, which may lead to eating problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the perceived severity of COVID-19 on eating problems and the mediating effects of stress/negative affect/posttraumatic stress symptoms both at the personal level and interpersonal level.

The Link Between Neuroticism and Everyday Cognitive Failures is Mediated by Self-Reported Mindfulness Among College Students.

Neuroticism has been linked to an increased likelihood of cognitive failures, including episodes of inattentiveness, forgetfulness, or accidents causing difficulties in successfully executing everyday tasks and impacting health and quality of life. Cognitive failures associated with trait neuroticism can prompt some negative psychological outcomes and risky behaviors. Accumulating evidence shows that augmenting mindfulness can benefit cognitive health and general well-being.

Comparative study of optical coherence tomography angiography algorithms for rodent retinal imaging.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a functional extension of optical coherence tomography for non-invasive three-dimensional imaging of the microvasculature of biological tissues. Several algorithms have been developed to construct OCTA images from the measured optical coherence tomography signals. In this study, we compared the performance of three OCTA algorithms that are based on the variance of phase, amplitude, and the complex representations of the optical coherence tomography signals for rodent retinal imaging, namely the phase variance, improved speckle contrast, and optical microangiography.

The Vagus Nerve Somatosensory-evoked Potential in Neural Disorders: Systematic Review and Illustrative Vignettes.

To review the scientific publications reporting vagal nerve somatosensory-evoked potential (VSEP) findings from individuals with brain disorders, and present novel physiological explanations on the VSEP origin. We did a systematic review on the papers reporting VSEP findings from individuals with brain disorders and their controls. We evaluated papers published from 2003 to date indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scielo databases.

Development and Validation of a Clinical Frailty Index for the World Trade Center General Responder Cohort.

To develop and validate a clinical frailty index to characterize aging among responders to the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks. This study was conducted on health monitoring data on a sample of 6197 responders. A clinical frailty index, WTC FI-Clinical, was developed according to the cumulative deficit model of frailty.

Do Independent Living Services Protect Youth Aging Out Foster Care From Adverse Outcomes? An Evaluation Using National Data.

Objective: Youth aging out foster care are at high risk of experiencing adverse outcomes. Federal funded programs have provided independent living services (ILSs) to these youth. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the continuity of ILSs at ages 17-19 in protecting youth aging out foster care from homelessness and incarceration at ages 19-21.

Acceptability of the "Love, Sex, & Choices" HIV Prevention Intervention by Hispanic Female College Students.

Introduction: Hispanic women are affected by HIV. "Love, Sex & Choices" (LSC) is an innovative 12-episode urban soap opera video series targeting young adult Black women streamed to smartphones. This study purpose was to determine whether LSC is an acceptable HIV prevention intervention for female Hispanic college students in South Florida.

Differential Role of Psychosocial, Health Care System and Neighborhood Factors on the Retention in HIV Care of Women and Men in the Ryan White Program.

We investigated potential differential impact of barriers to HIV care retention among women relative to men. Client intake, health assessment, service, and laboratory information among clients receiving medical case management during 2017 in the Miami-Dade County Ryan White Program (RWP) were obtained and linked to American Community Survey data by ZIP code. Cross-classified multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted.

The Utility of Cognitive Screeners in the Detection of Dementia Spectrum Disorders in Spanish-Speaking Populations.

Increasing rates of dementia spectrum disorders among Spanish-speaking geriatric populations necessitate the development of culturally appropriate cognitive screening tests that can identify neurodegenerative disorders in their earliest stages when emerging disease-modifying treatments are most likely to be effective. This scoping review identified 26 brief Spanish language cognitive screening tools (<20 minutes) by searching academic databases using a combination of search terms. Results suggest that the Mini-Mental Status Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment appear to be less valid than other screeners.