Dual-task gait has prognostic value for cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Cognitive decline frequently occurs in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the clinical methods to predict the onset of cognitive changes are limited. Given preliminary evidence of the link between gait and cognition, the purpose of this study was to determine if dual task (DT) gait was related to declines in cognition over two years in PD.

Methods: A retrospective two-year longitudinal study of 48 individuals with PD using data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative of the Michael J.

Beyond steps per day: other measures of real-world walking after stroke related to cardiovascular risk.

Background: Significant variability exists in how real-world walking has been measured in prior studies in individuals with stroke and it is unknown which measures are most important for cardiovascular risk. It is also unknown whether real-world monitoring is more informative than laboratory-based measures of walking capacity in the context of cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to determine a subset of real-world walking activity measures most strongly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), a measure of cardiovascular risk, in people with stroke and if these measures are associated with SBP after accounting for laboratory-based measures of walking capacity.

Clinical mobility metrics estimate and characterize physical activity following lower-limb amputation.

Background: Regular physical activity following a lower-limb amputation is essential for maintaining health and a high quality of life. Most adults with a lower-limb amputation, however, participate in insufficient daily physical activity, and thus, are predisposed to poor health outcomes. Estimating physical activity after lower-limb amputation via common mobility metrics may aid in clinical decisions regarding treatment prioritization and prosthesis prescription.

Development and Validation of a Framework for Predictive Simulation of Treadmill Gait.

Treadmill training is a common intervention to promote healthy walking function for individuals with pathological gait. However, because of the heterogeneity of many patient populations, determining how an individual will respond to new treadmill protocols may require extensive trial and error, causing increased patient fatigue. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a framework for predictive simulation of treadmill gait, which may be used in the design of treadmill training protocols.

ICON 2020-International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: A Systematic Review of Outcome Measures Reported in Clinical Trials of Achilles Tendinopathy.

Background: Nine core domains for tendinopathy have been identified. For Achilles tendinopathy there is large variation in outcome measures used, and how these fit into the core domains has not been investigated.

Objective: To identify all available outcome measures outcome measures used to assess the clinical phenotype of Achilles tendinopathy in prospective studies and to map the outcomes measures into predefined health-related core domains.

Knee biomechanics and contralateral knee osteoarthritis progression after total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Despite the success rate of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), many patients undergo contralateral TKA. It is possible that altered gait mechanics after unilateral TKA play a role in the progression of contralateral OA progression.

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical predictors of radiographic OA progression in the contralateral (non-surgical) knee after unilateral (primary/initial) TKA.

Movement kinematics and cortical activation in children with and without autism spectrum disorder during sway synchrony tasks: an fNIRS study.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulties with socially embedded movements such as imitation and interpersonal synchrony (IPS); however, related movement characteristics and underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. This study compared the movement characteristics and cortical activation patterns of children with and without ASD during a whole-body, sway synchrony task when different levels of social information were provided. Thirty children with and without ASD (mean age: 12.

Rehabilitation duration and time of starting sport-related activities associated with return to the previous level of sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objectives: To determine predictors for return to previous level of sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Design: Cross-sectional; SETTING: Athletic teams.

Participants: Ninety-one athletes who had ACLR with hamstring-tendon autograft within 1-5 years participated in this study.

Incidence and Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Deployed Navy Active Duty Service Members Aboard Two U.S. Navy Air Craft Carriers.

Introduction: This brief report describes the number and nature of cases of musculoskeletal pain and injury among sailors and marines presenting to the ship's physical therapist during recent, respective deployments of two U.S. Navy aircraft carriers.

Falling risk in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis.

Although 25% of patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) have reported a fall, there is limited information about risk factors for falling in patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and functional measures related to fall risk. A total of 259 participants awaiting TKA for OA participated in this secondary cross-sectional study.

Comparison of core neuromuscular control and lower extremity postural stability in athletes with and without shoulder injuries.

Background: The kinetic chain theory is widely used as a rationale for the inclusion of core stability training in athletes. Core stability (muscle capacity and neuromuscular control) impairments may result in less than optimal performance and abnormal force dissipation to the shoulder complex that could lead to shoulder injuries. However, a paucity of literature exists to support this relationship, and no previous studies have investigated the relationship between isolated core neuromuscular control and shoulder injuries.

The Influence of Dietary Salt Beyond Blood Pressure.

Purpose Of Review: Excess sodium from dietary salt (NaCl) is linked to elevations in blood pressure (BP). However, salt sensitivity of BP varies widely between individuals and there are data suggesting that salt adversely affects target organs, irrespective of BP.

Recent Findings: High dietary salt has been shown to adversely affect the vasculature, heart, kidneys, skin, brain, and bone.

The contralateral knee may not be a valid control for biomechanical outcomes after unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Although unilateral symptoms and unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are common, many patients have bilateral radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). Because the contralateral (non-operated) limb is often used as a comparison for clinical and biomechanical outcomes, it is important to know if the presence of OA influences movement patterns in either limb.

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to compare bilateral sagittal plane biomechanics between subjects with and without contralateral knee OA after unilateral TKA.

High muscle co-contraction does not result in high joint forces during gait in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees.

The mechanism of knee osteoarthritis development after anterior cruciate ligament injuries is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate knee gait variables, muscle co-contraction indices and knee joint loading in young subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (ACLD, n = 36), versus control subjects (n = 12). A validated, electromyography-informed model was used to estimate joint loading.

Feasibility of Training Physical Therapists to Implement a Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy Program for Deployed U.S. Sailors and Marines with Musculoskeletal Injuries.

This study assesses the feasibility of training U.S. Navy Physical Therapy staff members (PT staff) aboard a U.

A Physical Therapist-Administered Physical Activity Intervention After Total Knee Replacement: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The definitive treatment for knee osteoarthritis is a total knee replacement, which results in a clinically meaningful improvement in pain and physical function. However, evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) remains unchanged after total knee replacement (TKR).

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy, fidelity, and safety of a physical therapist-administered PA intervention for people after TKR.

Native phonological processing abilities predict post-consolidation nonnative contrast learning in adults.

This study examined the relationship between native phonological processing ability and the learning outcome of a trained nonnative (Hindi /ɖ/ - / d̪/) contrast. Participants were perceptually trained and assessed in the evening, and reassessed early the next morning. Native phonological processing ability did not predict the learning of the nonnative contrasts on Day 1.

Activity Demands During Multi-Directional Team Sports: A Systematic Review.

Background: Late-stage rehabilitation programs often incorporate 'sport-specific' demands, but may not optimally simulate the in-game volume or intensity of such activities as sprinting, cutting, jumping, and lateral movement.

Objective: The aim of this review was to characterize, quantify, and compare straight-line running and multi-directional demands during sport competition.

Data Sources: A systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was conducted.

Calf Endurance and Achilles Tendon Structure in Classical Ballet Dancers.

Optimal lower leg function is critical for ballet dancers to meet their occupational requirements. Achilles tendon injury is particularly detrimental to ballet dancers. While standardized measures have been validated and incorporated into clinical practice for use in people with Achilles tendon injury, normative ranges specific to the dancer population have not been described.

Report of the Clinical and Functional Primary Outcomes in Men of the ACL-SPORTS Trial: Similar Outcomes in Men Receiving Secondary Prevention With and Without Perturbation Training 1 and 2 Years After ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Athletes often are cleared to return to activities 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction; however, knee function measures continue to improve up to 2 years after surgery. Interventions beyond standard care may facilitate successful return to preinjury activities and improve functional outcomes. Perturbation training has been used in nonoperative ACL injury and preoperative ACL reconstruction rehabilitation, but has not been examined in postoperative ACL reconstruction rehabilitation, specifically return to sport rehabilitation.

Patient-Reported Measures of Physical Function in Knee Osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis is a common cause of an array of functional limitations in older adults, and the accurate assessment of such limitations is critical for practicing clinicians and scientists. Patient-reported measures are a valuable resource to track the type and severity of limitation, although the psychometric performance of each instrument should be thoroughly evaluated before adoption. This article reviews the validity, reliability, sensitivity to change, and responsiveness of 3 patient-reported measures of physical function: the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function scale.

Gait mechanics in those with/without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

The objective of the study was to evaluate differences in gait mechanics 5 years after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, for non-osteoarthritic (n = 24) versus osteoarthritic (n = 9) subjects. For the involved knee, the osteoarthritic group demonstrated significantly lower peak knee flexion angles (non-osteoarthritic = 24.3 ± 4.

The Split-Belt Walking Paradigm: Exploring Motor Learning and Spatiotemporal Asymmetry Poststroke.

Although significant effort is concentrated toward gait retraining during stroke rehabilitation; 33% of community-dwelling individuals following stroke continue to demonstrate gait asymmetries following participation in conventional rehabilitation. Recent studies utilizing the split-belt treadmill indicate that subjects after stroke retain the ability to learn a novel locomotor pattern. Through the use of error augmentation, this locomotor pattern can provide a temporary improvement in symmetry, which can be exploited through repetitive task specific locomotor training.

Implicit and explicit motor learning: Application to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Aims And Objectives: This study aims to determine whether children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are capable of learning a motor skill both implicitly and explicitly.

Methods: In the present study, 30 boys with ASD, aged 7-11 with IQ average of 81.2, were compared with 32 typical IQ- and age-matched boys on their performance on a serial reaction time task (SRTT).