Brain MRI features of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis secondary to central nervous system infection in adult patients.

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis secondary to central nervous system (CNS) infection is a unique subtype of the autoimmune-mediated disease, of which the imaging features are unclear.

Purpose: To compare the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features between the anti-NMDAR encephalitis secondary to CNS infection and that without initial infection.

Material And Methods: A total of 70 adult patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were retrospectively enrolled (24 in the post-infection group, 46 in the non-infection-related group).