The Relationship Between Multimorbidity and Types of Chronic Diseases and Self-Rated Memory.

This study explores the impact of multimorbidity and types of chronic diseases on self-rated memory in older adults in the United States. Data were drawn from the 2011 wave of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS, N = 6,481). Logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between multimorbidity and types of chronic diseases and fair/poor self-rated memory.

A Social-Ecological Approach to Understanding Activity Engagement Patterns Among Older Chinese Immigrants.

Few studies have focused on activity engagement among older immigrants. We aim to map the patterns of activity engagement and examine the associations with social-ecological factors in a sample of older Chinese immigrants. Participants were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE).

Home-Based Palliative Care Organizations Struggle to Survive and Thrive in a Competitive Market.

Background: New opportunities to expand home-based palliative care (HBPC) highlight the need for novel data that explores how HBPC providers currently navigate this nascent business.

Objectives: To investigate how HBPC providers and their organizations sustain their operations in a rapidly evolving market.

Study Design: This was an exploratory, qualitative study.

Urban/Rural Digital Divide Exists in Older Adults: Does It Vary by Racial/Ethnic Groups?

Despite the overall increase in older adults' internet use, the digital divide within older Americans remains substantial, particularly for those in rural areas and with racial/ethnic minority backgrounds. The current study examines how one's residential area and racial/ethnicity relate to internet access, both singularly and in concert. Data were from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study.

Simultaneous Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latent and Lytic Transcripts in Brain Tissue.

Neurotrophic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latent infection in humans. Accumulating studies indicate that HSV-1, a risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases, exacerbates the sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). The analysis of viral genetic materials via genomic sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the current approach used for the detection of HSV-1; however, this approach is limited because of its difficulty in detecting both latent and lytic phases of the HSV-1 life cycle in infected hosts.

Predictive Utility of Alternate Measures of Physical Activity and Diet for Overweight and Obesity in Low-Income Minority Women.

Purpose: The purpose is to compare the predictive utility of alternate measures of diet and physical activity for overweight and obesity among low-income minority women.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cohort study.

Setting: Three public housing developments in South Los Angeles.

Suppositional Wh-Questions About Perceptions, Conversations, and actions are More Productive than Paired Yes-No Questions when Questioning Maltreated Children.

Forensic interviewers are taught to pair yes-no questions with open-ended requests for recall in order to reduce the likelihood that they will be misled by false "yes" responses. However, yes-no questions may elicit false "no" responses. Questioning 112 6- to 11-year-old maltreated children about three innocuous events (outside activities, yesterday, last birthday), this study compared the productivity of paired yes-no questions about perceptions, conversations, and actions involving the hands and mouth (e.

Premature rejection in science: The case of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis.

The progress of science has sometimes been unjustifiably delayed by the premature rejection of a hypothesis for which substantial evidence existed and which later achieved consensus. Continental drift, meteorite impact cratering, and anthropogenic global warming are examples from the first half of the twentieth century. This article presents evidence that the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) is a twenty-first century case.

Examining Housing Instability Among Females Who Are System-Involved: Comparing Females With and Without Histories of Commercial Sexual Exploitation.

Females involved in child welfare (CW) or juvenile justice (JJ) systems are at-risk for commercial sexual exploitation (CSE). This study used administrative data from CW and JJ agencies in Los Angeles County to examine out-of-home care experiences and identify the types of homes that were associated with housing instability for females who experienced CSE. Demographic and case characteristics of females with a history of CSE and a matched sample without a reported history of CSE were compared using χ2 analyses and t-tests.

Older Americans' Perceptions of the Federal Government's Pandemic Response: Voices From the COVID-19 Coping Study.

There is limited understanding of how older adults evaluated the federal government's COVID-19 response, despite their increased health risks during the pandemic and their important role in politics. We conducted qualitative thematic analysis on a nationally representative subsample of respondents aged 55+ from the COVID-19 Coping Study ( = 500) who were asked: "How do you feel about federal government responses to and handling of the COVID-19 pandemic?" Analyses identified largely negative opinions about the federal government and former President Trump's leadership, though some were neutral or positive. Participants expressed concerns that the federal government was undermining science, and that sending mixed messages about personal protective equipment and masks was dangerous.

Corticospinal Tract Lesion Load Originating From Both Ventral Premotor and Primary Motor Cortices Are Associated With Post-stroke Motor Severity.

Lesion load of the corticospinal tract (CST-LL), a measure of overlap between a stroke lesion and the CST, is one of the strongest predictors of motor outcomes following stroke. CST-LL is typically calculated by using a probabilistic map of the CST originating from the primary motor cortex (M1). However, higher order motor areas also have projections that contribute to the CST and motor control.

Designing an mHealth Roadmap for the Journey to Self-Management: A Qualitative Study with Adolescents and Young Adults Living with Chronic Illness.

Objectives: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with chronic illnesses often struggle with illness self-management. The objective of this study is to understand how AYA with various chronic illnesses develop self-management skills and which mobile health (mHealth) strategies they believe could be helpful.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients, between 16 to 20 years old, living with at least one chronic illness (N = 19), between 2018 and 2019 in Los Angeles, CA.

Diet Quality and Biological Risk in a National Sample of Older Americans.

Using comprehensive measures of biological risk, this study aims to investigate the relationship between intake of individual dietary components, overall diet quality, and biological dysregulation. We analyzed nationally representative data from 3734 older adults who participated in the Health and Retirement Study Venous Blood Study in 2016 and Health Care and Nutrition Survey in 2013. Eleven out of 13 individual dietary components were associated with lower biological risk.

Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Hypertension Management Program for Oral Chemotherapy in a Specialty Pharmacy Setting.

Introduction: Oral chemotherapy agents are a growing area of oncology treatment, but some are associated with a high incidence of hypertension. Management of hypertension in oncology patients may be insufficient due to a variety of reasons. A pharmacist-led hypertension management service within the specialty pharmacy setting has the potential to help patients on oral chemotherapy achieve and maintain adequate blood pressure control.

Do Early-Life Social, Behavioral, and Health Exposures Increase Later-Life Arthritis Incidence?

Objectives: This study investigates direct and indirect influences of childhood social, behavioral, and health exposures on later-life osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis development.

Methods: Drawing from cumulative inequality theory and six waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2014), we estimate structural equation modeling-based discrete-time survival analysis of the association between six childhood exposure domains and both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis incidence for men ( = 2720) and women ( = 2974). Using the delta method to test for mediation, we examine indirect effects via selected health-related risks and resources.

Predictors of Complication Following Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery in a Low-Resource Setting: A Prospective Outcomes Study in Nicaragua.

Background: Higher rates of postoperative complication following cleft lip or palate repair have been documented in low resource settings, but their causes remain unclear. This study sought to delineate patient, surgeon, and care environment factors in cleft complications in a low-income country.

Design: Prospective outcomes study.

Repetitive Peripheral Sensory Stimulation as an Add-On Intervention for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke: A Randomized Trial.

Introduction: Repetitive peripheral sensory stimulation (RPSS) followed by 4-hour task-specific training (TST) improves upper limb motor function in subjects with stroke who experience moderate to severe motor upper limb impairments. Here, we compared effects of RPSS vs sham followed by a shorter duration of training in subjects with moderate to severe motor impairments in the chronic phase after stroke.

Methods: This single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial compared effects of 18 sessions of either 1.

Trends in Dementia Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality in the United States (2000-2016).

The prevalence of dementia has declined in the United States; how this parallels to changes in incidence and mortality, and how improvements in educational attainment may have influences these trends, is not known. Using the Health and Retirement Study (2000-2016), we estimated logistic regression models to examine trends in dementia prevalence and incidence, and mortality for those with and without dementia. The relative decline was about 2.

The Use of Hemostatic Agents to Decrease Bleeding Complications in Breast Cancer Surgery.

Introduction: Following breast cancer surgery, patients often require adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy for locoregional and systemic disease control. These procedures may result in postoperative complications, which may delay adjuvant therapy. To potentially decrease these complications, hemostatic agents may be used.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation May Improve Outcomes After Resuscitative Thoracotomy: A National Trauma Data Bank Analysis.

Background: Albeit low survival rates, resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) is considered standard for selected trauma patients. Because it has potential for rapid cardiopulmonary rescue, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may augment RT. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of ECMO on trauma patients that recently underwent RT after injury.

Association of Body Mass Index on Injuries and Outcomes After Ground-Level Falls.

Background: The impact of body mass index (BMI) on trauma severity after ground-level falls (GLF) is currently unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between BMI, injuries, and outcomes after GLF.

Study Design: All patients ≥16 years of age injured by GLF were queried from the TQIP database (2013-2017).

Nationwide Analysis of Dog Bite Injuries: Different Age Groups, Different Injury Patterns.

Background: As the number of households with dogs in the United States has increased, so has the incidence of dog bites. Contemporary analysis of nationwide epidemiological data regarding such injuries is scarce. The purpose of this study is to describe dog bite injury patterns and related surgical interventions with a focus on differences between pediatric and adult age groups.

Crayon in the Orbit and Sinuses in a Pediatric Patient.

Penetrating transorbital injury with skull base involvement is a rare occurrence from a crayon. We report a case of a 2-year-old male who sustained a penetrating crayon injury through the right orbit and lamina papyracea into the posterior ethmoid sinus complicated by cerebrospinal fluid leak. There have been no other reported cases of this type of injury by a crayon.