Introduction of Novel Surgical Techniques: A Survey on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Surgeons.

. To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of surgeons toward introducing novel surgical techniques in Egypt, Palestine, and Vietnam. .

Implementation of the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Line Panel to Screen 2260 Cancer Drug Combinations to Generate >3 Million Data Points Used to Populate a Large Matrix of Anti-Neoplastic Agent Combinations (ALMANAC) Database.

Animal and clinical studies demonstrate that cancer drug combinations (DCs) are more effective than single agents. However, it is difficult to predict which DCs will be more efficacious than individual drugs. Systematic DC high-throughput screening (HTS) of 100 approved drugs in the National Cancer Institute's panel of 60 cancer cell lines (NCI-60) produced data to help select DCs for further consideration.

Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update.

Purpose: To update the ASCO clinical practice guideline on adjuvant endocrine therapy based on emerging data about the optimal duration of aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment.

Methods: ASCO conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials from 2012 to 2018. Guideline recommendations were based on the Panel's review of the evidence from six trials.

Causes and Predictors of 30-Day Readmission in Patients With Syncope/Collapse: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background Syncope accounts for 0.6% to 1.5% of hospitalizations in the United States.

Trial Reporting in Immuno-Oncology (TRIO): An American Society of Clinical Oncology-Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Statement.

Purpose: To develop recommendations for clinical trial reporting that address the unique efficacy, toxicity, and combination and sequencing aspects of immuno-oncology (IO) treatments.

Methods: ASCO and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a working group that consisted of practicing medical oncologists, immunologists, clinical researchers, biostatisticians, and representatives from industry and government to develop Trial Reporting in Immuno-Oncology (TRIO) recommendations. These recommendations are based on expert consensus, given that existing data to support evidence-based recommendations are limited.

#Hookahlife: The Rise of Waterpipe Promotion on Instagram.

Introduction: Hookah smoking is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, especially among young adults. The growth of social media has also enabled sharing of opinions, experiences, and marketing related to hookah via user-generated content.

Aim: To evaluate the portrayal and promotion of hookah on Instagram and to highlight public health challenges created by this content.

"The Financial Is the Main Issue, It's Not Even the Child": Exploring the Role of Finances in Men's Concepts of Fatherhood and Fertility Intention.

Despite demonstrable need, men's utilization of sexual and reproductive health services remains low. This low utilization may particularly affect low-income men, given the disproportionate prevalence of unintended pregnancy in low-income populations. Bolstering men's utilization of sexual and reproductive health services requires understanding the services that are most relevant to them.

Upper Airway Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Results from the ADHERE Registry.

Objective Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is an alternative treatment option for patients unable to tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Studies support the safety and efficacy of this therapy. The aim of this registry is to collect retrospective and prospective objective and subjective outcome measures across multiple institutions in the United States and Germany.

Epigenetic Modifications Following Noxious Stimuli in Infants.

Purpose: To recruit healthy full- and preterm infants into genetic research and determine the effectiveness of a noninvasive DNA sampling technique for comparing epigenetic modifications.

Background: Noxious stimuli during a vulnerable period of infant neuronal plasticity may trigger long-term epigenetic changes affecting neurodevelopment, pain modulation, and reactivity. Recognizing epigenetic pain findings is problematic because parents are reluctant to enroll newborns into genetic research.

Nursing Home Provider Perceptions of Telemedicine for Providing Specialty Consults.

Background: Nursing homes (NHs) provide care to a complex patient population and face the ongoing challenge of meeting resident needs for specialty care. A NH telemedicine care model could improve access to remote specialty providers.

Introduction: Little is known about provider interest in telemedicine for specialty consults in the NH setting.

Impact of four times daily dosing of oral treprostinil on tolerability and daily dose achieved in pulmonary hypertension.

Oral treprostinil (TRE) is a prostacylin that is approved for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Dosing is approved for two or three times daily (t.i.

Platelet-Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Are Not Synergistic When Used as Biological Adjuncts with Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation.

Unlabelled: Introduction Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is a treatment for osteochondral lesions with known concerns, including histological degradation of the graft and poor cartilage integration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been described has having the potential to improve results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PRP and HA on AOT in a rabbit model.

Care Coordination for Youth With Mental Health Disorders in Primary Care.

Many children are treated for mental health disorders in primary care settings. The system of care (SOC) provides a framework for collaboration among pediatric mental health providers, but it is unclear if youth treated for mental health disorders in primary care receive such coordination. At the South Boston Community Health Center from September /2012 to August 2013 for 74 individuals ≤18 years, the odds of contact with SOC agencies (mental health, education, child protective services, juvenile justice and developmental disabilities) were compared for mental health treatment in primary versus specialty care.

Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesia: Liver Transplant Anesthesia Fellowship-White Paper Advocating Measurable Proficiency in Transplant Specialties Training.

The anesthesia community has openly debated if the care of transplant patients was generalist or specialist care ever since the publication of an opinion paper in 1999 recommended subspecialty training in the field of liver transplantation anesthesia. In the past decade, liver transplant anesthesia has become more complex with a sicker patient population and evolving evidence-based practices. Transplant training is currently not required for accreditation or certification in anesthesiology, and not all anesthesia residency programs are associated with transplant centers.

Home Monitoring of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis to Identify and Treat Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations. eICE Study Results.

Rationale: Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience frequent acute pulmonary exacerbations, which lead to decreased lung function and reduced quality of life.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine if an intervention directed toward early detection of pulmonary exacerbations using home spirometry and symptom monitoring would result in slower decline in lung function than in control subjects.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial at 14 CF centers with subjects at least 14 years old.

Novel NLRC4 Mutation Causes a Syndrome of Perinatal Autoinflammation With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Hepatosplenomegaly, Fetal Thrombotic Vasculopathy, and Congenital Anemia and Ascites.

Autoinflammatory diseases are caused by pathologic activation of the innate immune system. Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive syndrome of excessive immune activation caused by monogenic mutations resulting in cytotoxic cell defects and subsequent failure to eliminate activated macrophages. Secondary HLH is often diagnosed in cases without a known Mendelian inheritance.

Effects of Age and Disease Severity on Systemic Corticosteroid Responses in Asthma.

Rationale: Phenotypic distinctions between severe asthma (SA) and nonsevere asthma (NONSA) may be confounded by differential adherence or incorrect use of corticosteroids.

Objectives: To determine if there are persistent phenotypic distinctions between SA (as defined by 2014 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines) and NONSA after intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide (TA), and to identify predictors of a corticosteroid response in these populations.

Methods: A total of 526 adults age 18 years and older (315 SA) and 188 children age 6 to less than 18 years (107 SA) in the NHLBI Severe Asthma Research Program III were characterized before and 3 weeks after TA.

Veterans' Pharmacy and Health Care Utilization Following Implementation of the Medicare Part D Pharmacy Benefit.

We examined associations between enrollment in Medicare Part D pharmacy benefits and changes in medication acquisition from Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) pharmacies. We included all women and a random 10% sample of men who were VA enrollees, ≥65 years old as of January 1, 2004, and alive through December 2007. We used difference-in-differences models with propensity score weighting to examine changes in medication acquisition between 2005 (before Part D was implemented) and 2007 (after Part D implementation) for veterans who were or were not Part D enrolled.

A Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Associated with Provider Adherence to Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Guidelines.

Despite demonstrated improvement in patient outcomes with use of the Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Guidelines (Guidelines), there are differential rates of adherence. Provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to adherence have not been elucidated. This study aimed to identify and explore in depth the provider perspective on factors associated with adherence to the Guidelines using 19 focus groups with nurses and physicians who provided acute management for pediatric patients with TBI at five university-affiliated Level 1 trauma centers.

Childhood ADHD Potentiates the Association Between Problematic Drinking and Intimate Partner Violence.

Objective: Excessive alcohol consumption increases risk of perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). ADHD is associated with problematic drinking and IPV, but it is unclear whether problem drinkers with ADHD are more likely than those without ADHD to perpetrate IPV.

Method: We compared the strength of association between problem drinking trajectories and IPV perpetration among 19- to 24-year-old men with ( n = 241) and without ( n = 180) childhood ADHD.

Utility of gene expression profiling score variability to predict clinical events in heart transplant recipients.

Background: Gene expression profiling test scores have primarily been used to identify heart transplant recipients who have a low probability of rejection at the time of surveillance testing. We hypothesized that the variability of gene expression profiling test scores within a patient may predict risk of future events of allograft dysfunction or death.

Method: Patients from the IMAGE study with rejection surveillance gene expression profiling tests performed at 1- to 6-month intervals were selected for this cohort study.