Long-Term Outcome after Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. A Long-Term Acute-Care Hospital Study.

Patients managed at a long-term acute-care hospital (LTACH) for weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation are at risk for profound muscle weakness and disability. To investigate effects of prolonged ventilation on survival, muscle function, and its impact on quality of life at 6 and 12 months after LTACH discharge. This was a prospective, longitudinal study conducted in 315 patients being weaned from prolonged ventilation at an LTACH.

Factors Associated With Early Deaths Following Neonatal Male Circumcision in the United States, 2001 to 2010.

We sought to quantify early deaths following neonatal circumcision (same hospital admission) and to identify factors associated with such mortality. We performed a retrospective analysis of all infants who underwent circumcision in an inpatient hospital setting during the first 30 days of life from 2001 to 2010 using the National Inpatient Sample. Over 10 years, 200 early deaths were recorded among 9 833 110 subjects (1 death per 49 166 circumcisions).

What Causes Racial Health Care Disparities? A Mixed-Methods Study Reveals Variability in How Health Care Providers Perceive Causal Attributions.

Progress to address health care equity requires health care providers' commitment, but their engagement may depend on their perceptions of the factors contributing to inequity. To understand providers' perceptions of causes of racial health care disparities, a short survey was delivered to health care providers who work at 3 Veterans Health Administration sites, followed by qualitative interviews (N = 53). Survey data indicated that providers attributed the causes of disparities to social and economic conditions more than to patients' or providers' behaviors.

HIV RNA Suppression during and after Pregnancy among Women in the HIV Outpatient Study, 1996 to 2015.

Objective: To examine HIV viral suppression during/after pregnancy.

Design: Prospective observational cohort.

Methods: We identified pregnancies from 1996 to 2015.

ASPEN-FELANPE Clinical Guidelines.

Background: The management of patients with enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) requires an interdisciplinary approach and poses a significant challenge to physicians, wound/stoma care specialists, dietitians, pharmacists, and other nutrition clinicians. Guidelines for optimizing nutrition status in these patients are often vague, based on limited and dated clinical studies, and typically rely on individual institutional or clinician experience. Specific nutrient requirements, appropriate route of feeding, role of immune-enhancing formulas, and use of somatostatin analogues in the management of patients with ECF are not well defined.

Reduced Expression of FADS1 Predicts Worse Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: Fatty acid desaturase 1 is a member of the fatty acid desaturase, which is related to a number of diseases. However, its role in cancers remains unclear. This study was to explore the clinical importance of FADS1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Provision of Services in Perinatal Palliative Care: A Multicenter Survey in the United States.

Background: Congenital anomalies account for 20% of neonatal and infant deaths in the United States. Perinatal palliative care is a recent addition to palliative care and is meant to meet the needs of families who choose to continue a pregnancy affected by a life-limiting diagnosis.

Objective: To examine characteristics of programs and services provided, assess alignment with the National Consensus Project domains of care, and identify providers and disciplines involved in programs.

Student-Perceived School Climate Is Associated With ADHD Medication Treatment Among Adolescents in Medicaid.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between school climate and ADHD medication treatment among adolescents in Medicaid in Georgia.

Method: School climate and Medicaid claims data were aggregated for 159 GA counties. County-level school climate percentile and medicated ADHD prevalence were calculated.

Food shopping behaviours and exposure to discrimination.

Objective: The present study examined food shopping behaviours, particularly distance to grocery shop, and exposure to discrimination.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study utilizing data from a community survey, neighbourhood food environment observations and the decennial census.

Setting: Three communities in Detroit, Michigan, USA.