Social Networks and Health in a Prison Unit.

Although a growing body of research documents lasting health consequences of incarceration, little is known about how confinement affects inmates' health while incarcerated. In this study, we examine the role of peer social integration and prisoners' self-reported health behaviors (smoking, exercise, perception of health, and depression) in a prison unit. We also consider whether inmates with similar health characteristics cluster within the unit.

State-Level Variability in Veteran Reliance on Veterans Health Administration and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations: A Geospatial Analysis.

Most Veterans who use the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) also utilize private-sector health care providers. To better inform local and regional health care planning, we assessed the association between reliance on VHA ambulatory care and total and system-specific preventable hospitalization rates (PHRs) at the state level. We conducted a retrospective dynamic cohort study using Veterans with diabetes mellitus, aged 66 years or older, and dually enrolled in VHA and Medicare parts A and B from 2004 to 2010.

Differences in Medicaid Antipsychotic Medication Measures Among Children with SSI, Foster Care, and Income-Based Aid.

Background: Concerns about antipsychotic prescribing for children, particularly those enrolled in Medicaid and with Supplemental Security Income (SSI), continue despite recent calls for selective use within established guidelines.

Objectives: To (a) examine the application of 6 quality measures for antipsychotic medication prescribing in children and adolescents receiving Medicaid and (b) understand distinctive patterns across eligibility categories in order to inform ongoing quality management efforts to support judicious antipsychotic use.

Methods: Using data for 10 states from the 2008 Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX), a cross-sectional assessment of 144,200 Medicaid beneficiaries aged < 21 years who received antipsychotics was conducted to calculate the prevalence of 6 quality measures for antipsychotic medication management, which were developed in 2012-2014 by the National Collaborative for Innovation in Quality Measurement.

Progressive Dehydration in Junior Laser Class Sailors During World Championship.

The purpose of this article is to assess the hydration status of elite young sailing athletes during World Championship competition. Twelve young, elite, male, Laser Class sailors (age: 15.8 ± 1.

Variations in Unrealistic Optimism Between Acceptors and Decliners of Early Phase Cancer Trials.

Research has found that patient-subjects in early phase cancer trials exhibit unrealistic optimism regarding the risks and possible benefits of trial participation. Unrealistic optimism is associated with therapeutic misconception and failures to appreciate research-related information. This is the first study to assess whether those who decline to participate in these trials also exhibit unrealistic optimism.

Use of buccal morphine in the management of pain in children with life-limiting conditions: Results of a laboratory study.

Background: Children and infants with impaired swallow or compromised enteral absorption require alternative routes for administration of analgesia. Recent clinical guidance and practice for paediatric palliative care teams, who often treat such children, supports buccal morphine sulphate as a fast acting, effective and easily administered agent for pain relief. However, a consideration of the physicochemical properties and potency of morphine would suggest that it is not a suitable candidate for delivery via the transmucosal route, raising questions about its use in children and infants.