Biological Differences between Late 19 and Early 20 Century Urban and Rural Residence.

Communities urbanize when the net benefits to urbanization exceed rural areas. Body mass, height, and weight are biological welfare measures that reflect the net difference between calories consumed and calories required for work and to withstand the physical environment. Individuals of African-decent had greater BMIs, heavier weights, and shorter statures.

Depression and Substance Use as Consequences of Exposure to Family Violence: A Moderation Mediation and Self-Medication Hypothesis Study.

Ample evidence exists suggesting that exposure to family violence leads to substance use and this relationship is moderated by gender; however, much is still unknown of the underlying mechanism of this relationship. Thus, the current study first examined whether exposure to family violence was associated with substance use. Then consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, we tested whether depressive symptoms mediated the relations between exposure to family violence and substance use.

Weight and economic development: current net nutrition in the late 19th- and early 20th-century United States.

When traditional measures for material and economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, height and the body mass index (BMI) are now widely accepted measures that represent cumulative and current net nutrition in development studies. However, as the ratio of weight to height, BMI does not fully isolate the effects of current net nutrition. After controlling for height as a measure for current net nutrition, this study uses the weight of a sample of international men in US prisons.

Socio-Psychological Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Community Health and Well-Being.

At the core of the hydraulic fracturing (fracking) debate is the level of perceived risk involved with extractive industries, such as the release of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals, increased population growth, and truck traffic. However, industry supporters of fracking acclaim the benefits of oil and gas drilling, such as energy independence and economic gains. In this study, we examine the perceived impacts of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) on community health and well-being based on interviews with anti-fracking activists in Denton, Texas who were active in the "anti-fracking" community organization, Frack Free Denton (FFD).

Late 19, early 20 century US, foreign-born body mass index values in the United States.

Little work exists that compares the BMIs of 19 century foreign-born and US-born natives. Russian, Italian, German, and French BMIs were 5.1, 3.

Predictors and variation of routine home discharge in critically ill adults with cystic fibrosis.

Background: The short-term outcomes of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) surviving critical illness were not examined systematically.

Objectives: To determine the factors associated with and variation in rates of routine home discharge among ICU-managed adult CF patients.

Methods: Predictors of routine home discharge and its hospital-level variation were examined in ICU-managed adults with cystic fibrosis in Texas during 2004-2013.

Biological Conditions and Economic Development: Nineteenth-Century Stature on the U.S. Great Plains.

Average stature is now a well-accepted measure of material and economic well-being in development studies when traditional measures are sparse or unreliable, but little work has been done on the biological conditions for individuals on the nineteenth-century U.S. Great Plains.

A Weighty Issue: Diminished Net Nutrition Among the U.S. Working Class in the Nineteenth Century.

Much has been written about the modern obesity epidemic, and historical BMIs are low compared with their modern counterparts. However, interpreting BMI variation is difficult because BMIs increase when weight increases or when stature decreases, and the two have different implications for human health. An alternative measure for net current nutritional conditions is body weight.

The relationship between 19th century BMIs and family size: Economies of scale and positive externalities.

The use of body mass index values (BMI) to measure living standards is now a well-accepted method in economics. Nevertheless, a neglected area in historical studies is the relationship between 19th century BMI and family size, and this relationship is documented here to be positive. Material inequality and BMI are the subject of considerable debate, and there was a positive relationship between BMI and wealth and an inverse relationship with inequality.

Body mass, wealth, and inequality in the 19th century: joining the debate surrounding equality and health.

We explore relationships among BMI variation, wealth, and inequality in the 19th century US. There was an inverse relationship between BMI and average state-level wealth and a small, inverse relationship with wealth inequality. After controlling for wealth and inequality, farmers had greater BMI values than workers in other occupations, and blacks had greater BMI values because of nutritional deprivation in utero.

Family size, the physical environment, and socioeconomic effects across the stature distribution.

A neglected area in historical stature studies is the relationship between stature and family size. Using robust statistics and a large 19th century data set, this study documents a positive relationship between stature and family size across the stature distribution. The relationship between material inequality and health is the subject of considerable debate, and there was a positive relationship between stature and wealth and an inverse relationship between stature and material inequality.

Height of female Americans in the 19th century and the antebellum puzzle.

Using 19th century state prison records, this study contrasts the biological standard of living of comparable US African-American and white females during a period of relatively rapid economic development. White females were consistently taller than black females by about 1.5 cm (0.

Racial differences in body mass indices of men imprisoned in 19th Century Texas.

A limited amount of research has been done on the body mass index values of 19th century Americans. This paper uses Texas prison records to demonstrate that, in contrast to today's distributions, most BMI values were in the normal range. Only 21.

Enhancement of recombinant hemoglobin production in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) containing the Plesiomonas shigelloides heme transport system.

To produce recombinant hemoglobin in Escherichia coli, sufficient intracellular heme must be present, or the protein folds improperly and is degraded. In this study, coexpression of human hemoglobin genes and Plesiomonas shigelloides heme transport genes enhanced recombinant hemoglobin production in E. coli BL21(DE3) grown in medium containing heme.

Plesiomonas shigelloides hugZ encodes an iron-regulated heme binding protein required for heme iron utilization.

Plesiomonas shigelloides is an intestinal pathogen that uses heme as an iron source. The P. shigelloides heme utilization system consists of 10 genes, 7 of which permit heme transport and 3 of which are associated with utilization of heme as an iron source once it is inside the cell.

Mexican body mass index values in the late-19th-century American West.

No research has been done on the body mass index values of the 19th-century Mexican population. This paper introduces a new data source of 19th-century Mexican male inmates in American prisons and finds that the majority of Mexican body mass was in the normal range (18.5-24.

The biological standard of living in 19th century Mexico and in the American West.

During the mid-19th century, the United States acquired Texas and large parts of Mexican territory with the vast Mexican-born population. This paper considers the biological standard of living of the part of this population that was incarcerated in American prisons. We use their physical stature as a proxy for their biological welfare.

Characterization of the SCP/TAPS gene family in Drosophila melanogaster.

The SCP/Tpx-1/Ag5/PR-1/Sc7 (SCP/TAPS) gene family encodes proteins found in many eukaryotes. SCP/TAPS proteins are defined by the presence of an SCP/TAPS domain, and many participate in important physiological processes. Five SCP/TAPS genes were previously identified in Drosophila melanogaster and are expressed in the digestive tract or in the testes.

Drugs and substances: views from a Latino community.

The last three decades have seen an increase in the study of licit and illicit substance use and abuse. Very few studies, however, have been conducted to show the views of minority people on what substance abuse really is and how it affects their families and communities, although connections have often been made between crime and minority involvement in drug trafficking, use and abuse. This exploratory study presents an attempt to explore Latino or Hispanic people's perceptions and attitudes regarding the use and abuse of both licit and illicit substances, in a Texas City.