Should We Use Clinician Self-Report to Tailor Implementation Strategies? Predicting Use of Youth CBT with Clinician Self-Report Versus Direct Observation.

Developing tailored implementation strategies to increase the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) requires accurate identification of predictors of their use. However, known difficulties with measuring EBP use complicates interpretation of the extant literature. In this proof-of-concept study, we examined whether the same predictors of use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are identified when CBT use is measured with clinician self-report compared to direct observation.

Working memory limitations constrain visual episodic long-term memory at both specific and gist levels of representation.

Limitations in one's capacity to encode information in working memory (WM) constrain later access to that information in long-term memory (LTM). The present study examined whether these WM constraints on episodic LTM are limited to specific representations of past episodes or also extend to gist representations. Across three experiments, young adult participants (n = 40 per experiment) studied objects in set sizes of two or six items, either sequentially (Experiments 1a and 1b) or simultaneously (Experiment 2).

A Patient Stratification Approach to Identifying the Likelihood of Continued Chronic Depression and Relapse Following Treatment for Depression.

Background: Subgrouping methods have the potential to support treatment decision making for patients with depression. Such approaches have not been used to study the continued course of depression or likelihood of relapse following treatment.

Method: Data from individual participants of seven randomised controlled trials were analysed.

Local injury and systemic infection in infants alter later nociception and pain affect during early life and adulthood.

Newborns in intensive care are regularly exposed to minor painful procedures at developmental time points when noxious stimulation would be normally absent. Pain from these interventions is inconsistently treated and often exists concurrently with systemic infection, a common comorbidity of prematurity. Our understanding of the independent and combined effects of early painful experiences and infection on pain response is incomplete.

Using your nose to find your way: Ethological comparisons between human and non-human species.

Olfaction is arguably the least valued among our sensory systems, and its significance for human behavior is often neglected. Spatial navigation represents no exception to the rule: humans are often characterized as purely visual navigators, a view that undermines the contribution of olfactory cues. Accordingly, research investigating whether and how humans use olfaction to navigate space is rare.

Role of age, gender and marital status in prognosis for adults with depression: An individual patient data meta-analysis.

Aims: To determine whether age, gender and marital status are associated with prognosis for adults with depression who sought treatment in primary care.

Methods: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central were searched from inception to 1st December 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults seeking treatment for depression from their general practitioners, that used the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule so that there was uniformity in the measurement of clinical prognostic factors, and that reported on age, gender and marital status. Individual participant data were gathered from all nine eligible RCTs (N = 4864).

Predicting prognosis for adults with depression using individual symptom data: a comparison of modelling approaches.

Background: This study aimed to develop, validate and compare the performance of models predicting post-treatment outcomes for depressed adults based on pre-treatment data.

Methods: Individual patient data from all six eligible randomised controlled trials were used to develop ( = 3, = 1722) and test ( = 3, = 918) nine models. Predictors included depressive and anxiety symptoms, social support, life events and alcohol use.

The importance of transdiagnostic symptom level assessment to understanding prognosis for depressed adults: analysis of data from six randomised control trials.

Background: Depression is commonly perceived as a single underlying disease with a number of potential treatment options. However, patients with major depression differ dramatically in their symptom presentation and comorbidities, e.g.

The neurophysiological embedding of child maltreatment.

Maltreatment adversely impacts the development of children across a host of domains. One way in which maltreatment may exert its deleterious effects is by becoming embedded in the activity of neurophysiological systems that regulate metabolic function. This paper reviews the literature regarding the association between childhood maltreatment and the activity of three systems: the parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Distress and anhedonia as predictors of depression treatment outcome: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Two core features of depression include depressed mood (heightened distress) and anhedonia (reduced pleasure). Despite their centrality to depression, studies have not examined their contribution to treatment outcomes in a randomized clinical trial providing mainstream treatments like antidepressant medications (ADM) and cognitive therapy (CT). We used baseline distress and anhedonia derived from a factor analysis of the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire to predict remission and recovery in 433 individuals with recurrent/chronic major depressive disorder.

The history, current status, and possible future of precision mental health.

In evidence-based mental health practice, decisions must often be made for which there is little or no empirical basis. A common example of this is when there are multiple empirically supported interventions for a person with a given diagnosis, where the aim is to recommend the treatment most likely to be effective for that person. Data obtained from randomized clinical trials allow for the identification of patient characteristics that could be used to match patients to treatments.

Media content sharing as a value-based decision.

Exposure to media content (e.g. persuasive campaigns) affects daily behaviors, but these effects are partially determined by whether and how people who are exposed to the content share it with their peers.

Treatment of anxiety and mood comorbidities in cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic therapies for panic disorder.

Background: It is not known whether common anxiety/mood comorbidities of panic disorder (PD) improve with panic-focused psychological treatment, nor whether there is differential efficacy between therapies in treating comorbidities.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial for PD with and without agoraphobia comparing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP), symptomatic comorbidities of agoraphobia, MDD, GAD, and social anxiety disorder (SAD) were assessed pre-to-post treatment with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS). Comparative efficacy of CBT versus PFPP for treating comorbid disorders was tested at termination and 1 year's follow-up.

Childhood socioeconomic status and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recent research suggests that risk for chronic diseases of aging including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and even cancer can be programmed early in the lifespan as a result of exposure to chronic stressors like low socioeconomic status (SES) that are hypothesized to promote a pro-inflammatory response in immune cells that results in chronic, systemic inflammation. The present paper conducted a meta-analysis to establish whether exposure to low (versus higher) SES in childhood and adolescence is associated with higher levels of inflammation (as measured by C-reactive protein, IL-6, and fibrinogen) concurrently and in adulthood. We conducted meta-analyses with both unadjusted bivariate associations between SES and inflammation and with adjusted associations that controlled for a range of covariates including demographic factors, body mass index, smoking, physical activity and current SES.

Effects of Parenting and Community Violence on Aggression-Related Social Goals: a Monozygotic Twin Differences Study.

Community violence exposure and harsh parenting have been linked to maladaptive outcomes, possibly via their effects on social cognition. The Social Information Processing (SIP) model has been used to study distinct socio-cognitive processes, demonstrating links between community violence exposure, harsh parenting, and maladaptive SIP. Though much of this research assumes these associations are causal, genetic confounds have made this assumption difficult to rigorously test.

Atypicalities of Gesture Form and Function in Autistic Adults.

While well-represented on clinical measures, co-speech gesture production has never been formally studied in autistic adults. Twenty-one verbally fluent autistic adults and 21 typically developing controls engaged in a controlled conversational task. Group differences were observed in both semantic/pragmatic and motoric features of spontaneously produced co-speech gestures.

Comparing cumulative index and factor analytic approaches to measuring maltreatment in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Child maltreatment is a complex and multifaceted construct in need of advanced statistical techniques to improve its measurement. The current study compared the predictive utility of a cumulative index to a factor analytic approach for constructing a measure of maltreatment. Data were from Waves III and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Wave III: n = 14,800; Wave IV: n = 12,288).

Interindividual variability in neurobehavioral response to sleep loss: A comprehensive review.

Stable trait-like responding is well established for neurobehavioral performance measures across repeated exposures to total sleep deprivation and partial chronic sleep restriction. These observed phenotypes are task-dependent, suggesting that there are distinct cognitive profiles of responding with differential vulnerability to sleep loss within the same individual. Numerous factors have been investigated as potential markers of phenotypic vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss but none fully account for this phenomenon.

Encoding of event roles from visual scenes is rapid, spontaneous, and interacts with higher-level visual processing.

A crucial component of event recognition is understanding event roles, i.e. who acted on whom: boy hitting girl is different from girl hitting boy.

Pathways from Childhood Adversity to Problem Behaviors in Young Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Adolescents' Future Expectations.

Adverse childhood experiences and pessimistic future expectations about college attendance or mortality are established risk factors for problem behaviors among youth. Data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 14,800; 49 % female). Participants were 11-17-years-old at baseline and 24-32-years-old at outcome.