The Significance of Precise Diabetes Diagnosis: A Case of Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Induced by the Introduction of Empagliflozin with Simultaneous Reduction of Insulin Dosage.

Unlabelled: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) is a rare but severe metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus characterised by elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis despite normal or mildly elevated blood glucose levels. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as effective antidiabetic medications, yet their use is associated with an increased risk of euDKA, especially when coupled with insulin dose reduction. We present the case of a 50-year-old male with a 20-year history of diabetes mellitus, initially managed with insulin and metformin, who developed euDKA following the introduction of empagliflozin and sitagliptin alongside a reduction in insulin therapy.

CD4, CD20 and PD-L1 as Markers of Recurrence in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: A tumor microenvironment plays an important role in bladder cancer development and in treatment response.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess how the components of the microenvironment affect tumor recurrence and to find the potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in NMIBC.

Methods: The study group consisted of 55 patients with primary NMIBC.

Tumour microenvironment as a predictive factor for immunotherapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) can be divided into two subgroups depending on invasion of the muscular layer: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Its aggressiveness is associated, inter alia, with genetic aberrations like losses of 1p, 6q, 9p, 9q and 13q; gain of 5p; or alterations in the p53 and p16 pathways. Moreover, there are reported metabolic disturbances connected with poor diagnosis-for example, enhanced aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis or haem catabolism.

Learning curve or experience-related outcome: what really matters in paediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasty.

Introduction: The process of improving one's skills over time is called a "learning curve". This term has attracted great attention during the last decades, especially in relation to laparoscopic techniques.

Aim: To assess the outcome of paediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP).

On-Pump vs Off-Pump coronary artery bypass surgery in atrial fibrillation. Analysis from the polish national registry of cardiac surgery procedures (KROK).

Background: No single randomized study has ever before addressed the safety of On-Pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) vs Off-Pump CABG in the setting of atrial fibrillation (AF) and data from small observational samples remain inconclusive.

Methods And Findings: Procedural data from KROK (Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgery Procedures) were retrospectively collected. Of initial 188,972 patients undergoing CABG, 7,913 presented with baseline AF (76.

Clinical effectiveness of MARS treatment - multidirectional analysis of positive clinical response to treatment.

Aim Of The Study: Liver failure is a life-threatening condition which often requires intensive care treatment. It is essential to quickly determine whether there are indications for extracorporeal liver support systems for the patient. The aims of the study were: to assess effectiveness of molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) therapy based on selected clinical criteria, to analyze the moment of clinical response and to create a patient's profile, who will benefit clinically from the treatment.

Surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation during isolated coronary artery bypass surgery.

Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate early sequelae and long-term survival in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with concomitant surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: Procedural data from KROK (Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgery Procedures) were collected. A total of 7879 patients with underlying AF underwent isolated CABG between 2006 and 2018 in 37 reference centres across Poland.

Survival after surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation in mitral valve surgery: Analysis from the Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgery Procedures (KROK).

Objectives: Surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) performed at the time of other valvular- or nonvalvular cardiac procedure is a mainstay of therapy; yet the data regarding its influence on remote survival are sparse. We aimed to evaluate late survival in patients undergoing mitral valve (MV) surgery with concomitant surgical ablation for AF.

Methods: Procedure-related data from the Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgery Procedures (Krajowy Rejestr Operacji Kardiochirurgicznych) were retrospectively collected.

Can cardiopulmonary bypass system with blood priming become a new standard in coronary surgery?

Background: Commonly used cardiopulmonary bypass systems with cardiotomy reservoir, oxygenator, and roller pump require preoperative crystalloid filling. Radical reduction of the filling fluid volume and replacing it with the patient's own blood has a fundamental impact on the outcome.

Aim: A comparison of cardiopulmonary bypass filled with the patient's blood, applied in Poland for the first time, and the classical system filled with crystalloids.

Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula as a rare cause of tinnitus - case report.

Background: Tinnitus, occurring at least once in a lifetime in about 10-20% of the population, is an important clinical problem with complex etiology. Rare causes of tinnitus include cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), which are usually small lesions consisting of abnormal connections between branches of dural arteries and venous sinuses or veins.

Case Report: Authors present a case of a 44-year-old woman with persistent, unilateral, treatment-resistant pulsatile tinnitus caused by a small dural arteriovenous fistula revealed in computed tomography angiography.

Laparoscopic splenectomy complicated by pancreatic cyst in the course of Hodgkin's disease: case report.

This paper describes a case of a patient suffering from Hodgkin's disease and treated by means of minimally invasive surgery: laparoscopic splenectomy. The performance of laparoscopic splenectomy led to a complication in the form of a pancreatic cyst. The cyst was subjected to endoscopic procedures (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with a shaft to the pancreatic tract) and percutaneous drainage.

Biomechanics of distal femoral fracture fixed with an angular stable LISS plate.

Fractures of the distal end of the femur are infrequent and constitute less than 1% of all fractures. Only 3% to 6% of femoral fractures occur at the distal end. The two groups most at risk of the said fractures are young men and older women.

Multiple fusiform cerebral aneurysms - case report.

Background: A true aneurysym is a dilation of arterial lumen as a consequence of congenital or acquired abnormalities leading to a reduction of mechanical resistance of vascular wall, most commonly caused by its defected structure in the form of absence or weakening of the muscular and/or elastic layer. From the pathophysiological point of view, cerebral aneurysms can be classified as 'saccular' - most commonly occurring, and 'other types', including fusiform/dolichoectatic, dissecting, serpentine, posttraumatic, mycotic and giant aneurysms with or without intra-aneurysmal thrombosis.

Case Report: We present a rare case of a patient with multiple fusiform dilations of cerebral vessels and giant fusiform aneurysm in supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery.