Maternal Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring.

Up to 10% of women may use cannabis during pregnancy; this is of concern because constituents of cannabis cross the placental barrier and potentially influence neurodevelopment by acting on cannabinoid receptors in the developing fetal brain. In this context, a recent meta analysis of 13 observational studies found that gestational exposure to cannabis was associated with a small increase in the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD; relative risk [RR], 1.30) and with an even smaller increase in the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; RR, 1.

Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in paint industry workers exposed to volatile organic compounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several epidemiological studies have examined the respiratory consequences of occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, their effects on paint industry workers in organised and unorganised occupational sectors vary. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aim at evaluating the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of paint industry workers from various occupational sectors exposed to VOCs.

Salmonellosis outbreak associated with the consumption of food at a wedding in an urban restaurant in Kazakhstan: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: From June 13-16, 2022, a regional epidemiological department in Kazakhstan reported an increase in acute gastroenteritis cases among people who consumed food from a wedding at a restaurant. An investigation was initiated to determine factors associated with acute intestinal infection and prevent further illness.

Methods: The investigation team conducted a retrospective cohort study among people who consumed event food.

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae identified as the main aetiological agent of respiratory disease in goats from a case-control study in Savannakhet province of Lao PDR.

Clinical signs of respiratory disease are common in Lao goats. To identify the causative agents involved in this clinical syndrome, a matched case-control study was conducted across 70 smallholder goat holdings in Savannakhet province. Fifty paired nasal swab samples were collected from goats with respiratory signs (cases) and unaffected (control) goats from 27 goat holdings.

Poor knee strength is associated with higher incidence of knee injury in adolescent female football players: The Karolinska football injury cohort.

Purpose: To investigate the association between common measures of trunk and lower extremity range of motion (ROM), strength, the results of one-leg jump tests at baseline and the incidence of subsequent substantial knee injuries in adolescent female football players.

Methods: Players were assessed at baseline regarding (1) ROM of trunk, hip, and ankle; (2) trunk, hip, and knee strength; and (3) one-leg jump tests. Players were prospectively monitored weekly for 1 year regarding knee injuries and the volume of matches and training.

Brief Report: Protease Inhibitors Versus Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and the Risk of Cancer Among People With HIV.

Background: The effect of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) class on cancer risk in people with HIV (PWH) remains unclear.

Setting: Cohort study of 36,322 PWH enrolled (1996-2014) in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design.

Methods: We followed individuals from ART initiation (protease inhibitor [PI]-, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI]-, or integrase strand transfer inhibitor [INSTI]-based) until incident cancer, death, loss-to-follow-up, 12/31/2014, 85 months (intention-to-treat analyses [ITT]), or 30 months (per-protocol [PP] analyses).

Effects of PM components on hypertension and diabetes: Assessing the mitigating influence of green spaces.

Background: Particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM) is a significant air pollutant associated with hypertension and diabetes. However, the specific contributions of its components and their joint exposure with green spaces remain poorly understood, especially in developing regions.

Cluster randomised controlled trial of double-dose azithromycin mass drug administration, facial cleanliness and fly control measures for trachoma control in Oromia, Ethiopia: the stronger SAFE trial protocol.

Introduction: Trachoma is caused by the bacterium (). The WHO recommends the SAFE strategy for trachoma elimination: Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement. Multiple rounds of SAFE implementation have proven insufficient to eliminate trachoma in Ethiopia, where over 50% of the global trachoma burden remains.

A Queen City Legacy: 45 Years of Research in Pregnant Women with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, The Diabetes in Pregnancy Program Project Grant.

The Diabetes in Pregnancy Program Project Grant (PPG) was a 15-year program focused on enhancing the care for women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) during pregnancy and improving the well-being of their offspring. Launched in July 1978 at the University of Cincinnati, the PPG pursued a multifaceted research agenda encompassing basic science, animal and placental studies, and maternal and neonatal clinical trials to understand the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of IDDM during pregnancy. A total of 402 singleton pregnancies in 259 women with IDDM were enrolled prior to 10 weeks gestation over the 15-year period.

Is Pregnancy a Risk Factor for Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes? A Matched Cohort Study.

Objective:  This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the development or deterioration of nephropathy and retinopathy over time is not affected by pregnancy in women with pregestational type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Study Design:  Prospective, observational study of nephropathy and retinopathy follow-up during pregnancy and in a subsequent period of 2 years in a group of pregnant women with T1DM (study group) that we compared with pair-matched non-pregnant women with T1DM (control group) who underwent similar intensive follow-up.

Results:  The rate of renal microvascular complications was similar at entry, 17.

Geochemical evolution, geostatistical mapping and machine learning predictive modeling of groundwater fluoride: a case study of western Balochistan, Quetta.

Around 2.6 billion people are at risk of tooth carries and fluorosis worldwide. Quetta is the worst affected district in Balochistan plateau.

Associations between ethylene oxide exposure and chronic bronchitis: results from the NHANES 2013-2018.

Introduction: Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a reactive gas commonly used in the production of various chemical compounds. Research has linked EtO exposure to respiratory conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. However, its potential effects on chronic bronchitis (CB) remain unclear, highlighting the need for further study to understand its role in respiratory health.

Age-related differences in gene expression and pathway activation following heatstroke.

This study investigates the molecular responses to heatstroke in young and old patients by comparing whole-genome transcriptomes between age groups. We analyzed transcriptomic profiles from patients categorized into two age-defined cohorts: young (mean age = 44.9 ± 6 yr) and old (mean age = 66.

Association of gestational and childhood circulating C-peptide concentrations in the hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes follow-up study.

Aims: This study examined the association of gravida C-peptide with progeny islet function and insulin sensitivity in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS).

Methods: Pregnancy 3rd trimester oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), cord blood, and offspring OGTT glucose, C-peptide and insulin at age 10-14 years were analyzed for 4,121 mother-child dyads. Gravida fasting and 1-hour C-peptide concentration correlations with cord blood and childhood C-peptide, insulin, insulinogenic index and insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), were assessed by multiple linear regression.

The risk of drug-induced liver injury associated with flucloxacillin: a nationwide, entropy-balanced cohort study.

Objectives: In this nationwide cohort study in a Scandinavian setting, we aimed to investigate the magnitude of association between flucloxacillin use and drug-induced liver injury (DILI).

Methods: Nationwide cohort study among adults in Sweden, 2006-2018, was conducted. Register data on filled prescriptions, patient characteristics, co-medications, and DILI were linked.

Urinary biomonitoring of exposure to glyphosate and its metabolite amino-methyl phosphonic acid among farmers and non-farmers in Morocco.

Glyphosate, a widely used herbicide in global agriculture, poses potential health risks due to environmental and dietary exposure. This study evaluated urinary concentrations of glyphosate and its metabolite, amino-methyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), among farmers and non-farmers in Morocco's Fez-Meknes region, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Glyphosate was detected in 57.

Machine learning approach and geospatial analysis to determine HIV infection, awareness status, and transmission knowledge among adults in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a major public health challenge, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2020, 16% of people living with HIV did not know their HIV status in SSA. Understanding the geospatial distribution of HIV infection, awareness status, and transmission knowledge is crucial for designing effective prevention and control strategies to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic by 2030.

Epidemiological pattern of trauma among children 0-9 years in Cameroon.

Background: In low- and middle-income countries, trauma is the leading cause of death among youth and it is also a major cause of disability. Globally, more than 1,600 children and adolescents below the age of 19-years die every day from preventable injuries. Traffic-related injuries, falls, sports-related injuries, assaults, burns, and drownings are the most commonly reported causes of traumatic mortality among children.

HPV Vaccination and Awareness Programs at Maryland Colleges and Universities.

Context: About half of adolescents aged 13 to 17 in United States are not fully vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV). As they age into young adulthood, colleges may be an excellent target population nexus for implementing interventions to improve HPV vaccination uptake.

Objectives: Our study goal was to generate knowledge about HPV vaccine offerings and awareness programs at colleges to ascertain the extent of campus-facilitated access to HPV immunization and education in 1 state.

Melanocortin 4 receptor mutation in obesity.

Obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide, with genetic factors contributing to its development. The hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin pathway is central to the regulation of appetite and weight; leptin activates the proopiomelanocortin neurons, leading to the production of melanocortin peptides; these in turn act on melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) which suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure. MC4R mutations are responsible for syndromic and non-syndromic obesity.

Epidemiology of in Sheep and Goats in the Tropics: A Systematic Review.

Sheep and goat influence the socioeconomic sustainability of rural communities in tropical countries, but parasitic diseases and in particular are responsible for their low productivity. The occurrence of in most affected regions of the world has been associated to the presence of stray dogs in the grazing area, which play vital roles in the life cycle of the parasite and poor disposal of contaminated and seized offal, organs, and carcasses. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the epidemiology of infection in sheep and goats in the tropics between 2010 and 2022 through the analysis of published qualitative and quantitative data on prevalence, risk factors, organ distribution, and interventions.

Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of head and neck cancer: An updated pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium.

Introduction: The relations between coffee and tea consumption and head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence are unclear. With increasing global HNC burden, this study aims to examine the association between coffee, tea, and HNC.

Methods: A pooled analysis of 9548 HNC cases and 15,783 controls from 14 individual-level case-control studies was conducted from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium.

Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance among children in the world health organization regions between 2000 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The infection is typically acquired in childhood and persists throughout life. The major impediment to successful therapy is antibiotic resistance.

Maize consumption and circulating aflatoxin levels in Mexican middle- and older-aged adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Maize is frequently contaminated by aflatoxin B (AFB), an established liver carcinogen.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of maize and maize tortilla consumption on AFB-lysine adduct (AFB-lys) concentrations in middle- and older-aged adults living in south and eastern Mexico.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a representative sample of 915 adults aged ≥40 y living in south and eastern Mexico in 2018-2019.