Sex Moderates the Association between Frailty and Mild Behavioral Impairment.

Background: Frailty has been associated with cognitive markers of dementia but its relationship with behavioral markers of dementia are poorly understood.

Objectives: To investigate the association between frailty and mild behavioral impairment (MBI), and whether this association is moderated by sex.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Existing Bowel Preparation Quality Scales Are Reliable in the Setting of Centralized Endoscopy Reading.

Background: Development of bowel preparation products has been based upon colon cleansing rating by a local endoscopist. It is unclear how bowel preparation scales perform when centrally evaluated.

Aims: To evaluate the reliability of bowel preparation quality scales when assessed by central readers.

Brain connectomes in youth at risk for serious mental illness: an exploratory analysis.

Background: Identifying early biomarkers of serious mental illness (SMI)-such as changes in brain structure and function-can aid in early diagnosis and treatment. Whole brain structural and functional connectomes were investigated in youth at risk for SMI.

Methods: Participants were classified as healthy controls (HC; n = 33), familial risk for serious mental illness (stage 0; n = 31), mild symptoms (stage 1a; n = 37), attenuated syndromes (stage 1b; n = 61), or discrete disorder (transition; n = 9) based on clinical assessments.

Quality of life, respiratory symptoms, and health care utilization 1 year following outpatient management of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.

The long-term impact of COVID-19 among those with mild infections is not well characterized. Among 81 adults who completed online assessments at 3- and 12-months following infection, quality of life scores did not significantly improve over time. Among 62 subjects who also completed telephone interviews, respiratory symptoms or exercise limitation were reported by 42% at a median follow-up of 387 days (IQR 251-402 days).

Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Head of a Boreal Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Alberta, Canada.

An emaciated, 14-yr-old female boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) was found dead with an ulcerated wound on the left side of the head. Radiographs documented osteolysis of portions of the mandible and cranium. Histopathology revealed an invasive adenocarcinoma infiltrating the soft tissues and bones of the head.

Fluoridation cessation and oral health equity: a 7-year post-cessation study of Grade 2 schoolchildren in Alberta, Canada.

Objective: Community water fluoridation, because of its universal scope and passive mechanism of uptake, is one component of a multifaceted approach to promoting equity in dental health. The objective of this study was to examine social inequities in children's dental health in the Canadian cities of Calgary (fluoridation cessation in 2011) and Edmonton (still fluoridated).

Methods: We analyzed data from surveys of population-based samples of Grade 2 (approx.

Reasons and suggestions for improving low immunization uptake among children living in low socioeconomic status communities in Northern Alberta, Canada - A qualitative study.

Objective: Under-immunization increases the risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases in children and the community. The targeted coverage rate for routine childhood immunization in Alberta, especially in disadvantaged communities in rural and remote geographic areas, has not been achieved for many years. This study was conducted to identify reasons for under-immunization in children in low socioeconomic status (SES) communities and propose suggestions to address issues/concerns identified by low SES parents for improving immunization coverage in their communities.

Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 RNA wastewater monitoring across a range of scales correlates with total and regional COVID-19 burden in a well-defined urban population.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an emerging surveillance tool that has been used to monitor the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA shed into wastewater. WBE was performed to monitor the occurrence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and six neighborhoods in the city of Calgary, Canada (population 1.44 million).

MusMorph, a database of standardized mouse morphology data for morphometric meta-analyses.

Complex morphological traits are the product of many genes with transient or lasting developmental effects that interact in anatomical context. Mouse models are a key resource for disentangling such effects, because they offer myriad tools for manipulating the genome in a controlled environment. Unfortunately, phenotypic data are often obtained using laboratory-specific protocols, resulting in self-contained datasets that are difficult to relate to one another for larger scale analyses.

Tibial-fibular geometry and density variations associated with elevated bone strain and sex disparities in young active adults.

Tibial stress fracture is a common injury in runners and military personnel. Elevated bone strain is believed to be associated with the development of stress fractures and is influenced by bone geometry and density. The purpose of this study was to characterize tibial-fibular geometry and density variations in young active adults, and to quantify the influence of these variations on finite element-predicted bone strain.

Ameloblastic Fibro-Odontoma in a Free-Ranging Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis), Alberta, Canada.

An adult female Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) was euthanized because of a large mandibular mass. Histopathology revealed an ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, a rare odontogenic neoplasia.

Characterizing and quantifying low-value diagnostic imaging internationally: a scoping review.

Background: Inappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources is a common problem, constituting 10-34% of health services spending in the western world. Even though diagnostic imaging is vital for identifying correct diagnoses and administrating the right treatment, low-value imaging-in which the diagnostic test confers little to no clinical benefit-is common and contributes to inappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources. There is a lack of knowledge on the types and extent of low-value imaging.

Actualizing Cultural Humility: An Exploratory Study of Veterinary Students' Participation in a Northern Community Health Rotation.

Rotations in diverse, marginalized communities may offer health care students opportunities to develop cultural humility through different clinical experiences and activities. Through the actualization of cultural humility, veterinarians may offer accessible, affordable, culturally proficient, high-quality care to all their patients with a better understanding of how cultural differences affect the animal patient's health, well-being, and care. The purpose of this study was to explore whether participation in a community rotation in remote northern Indigenous communities promotes cultural humility among final-year veterinary students.

Supervised consumption site enables cost savings by avoiding emergency services: a cost analysis study.

Background And Aims: We report on a cost analysis study, using population level data to determine the emergency service costs avoided from emergency overdose management at supervised consumption services (SCS).

Design: We completed a cost analysis from a payer's perspective. In this setting, there is a single-payer model of service delivery.

Associations Between Parental Mood and Anxiety Psychopathology and Offspring Brain Structure: A Scoping Review.

A family history of mood and anxiety disorders is one of the most well-established risk factors for these disorders in offspring. A family history of these disorders has also been linked to alterations in brain regions involved in cognitive-affective processes broadly, and mood and anxiety disorders specifically. Results from studies of brain structure of children of parents with a history of mood or anxiety disorders (high-risk offspring) have been inconsistent.

Experiences of Canadian mental health providers in identifying and responding to online and in-person sexual abuse and exploitation of their child and adolescent clients.

Background: Sex offenders often use the internet to communicate with children to facilitate in-person sexual abuse or to create and distribute sexual images of children. Mental healthcare providers are a major source of referrals to child welfare authorities and are well-positioned to identify sexual exploitation.

Objective: This study investigated the perceived ability of mental healthcare workers to recognize and respond to concerns about online and in-person sexual exploitation of their pediatric clients.

Describing agreement in the main condition coding field using Canadian ICD-11 inpatient data.

Introduction: Countries use varying coding standards, which impact international coded data comparability. The 'main condition' (MC) field is coded within the Discharge Abstract Database as "reason for admission" or "largest resource use".

Objective: We offer a preliminary analysis on the frequency of and contributing factors to MC definition agreements within an inpatient Canadian dataset.

Interventions to reduce low-value imaging - a systematic review of interventions and outcomes.

Background: It is estimated that 20-50% of all radiological examinations are of low value. Many attempts have been made to reduce the use of low-value imaging. However, the comparative effectiveness of interventions to reduce low-value imaging is unclear.

Impact of volume, immunoglobulin G concentration, and feeding method of colostrum product on neonatal nursing behavior and transfer of passive immunity in beef calves.

One-third of beef calves fail to achieve adequate transfer of passive immunity (TPI) through timely ingestion of colostrum, which substantially increases their risk of preweaning morbidity and mortality. Two randomized clinical trials were designed to assess the impact of volume, immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and feeding method of colostrum product on neonatal nursing behavior and TPI. In Trial 1, 47 calves were randomly assigned to receive one of three colostrum interventions by oro-esophageal tube feeder (OET): 1 L with 100 g/L IgG, 1.

Drug use, homelessness and health: responding to the opioid overdose crisis with housing and harm reduction services.

Background: Canada is in the midst of an opioid overdose crisis and Alberta has one of the highest opioid use rates across the country. Populations made vulnerable through structural inequities who also use opioids, such as those who are unstably housed, are at an increased risk of experiencing harms associated with opioid use. The main purpose of this study was to explore if there was an association between unstable housing and hospital use for people who use opioids.

Advancements in Osteoporosis Imaging, Screening, and Study of Disease Etiology.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to inform researchers and clinicians with the most recent imaging techniques that are employed (1) to opportunistically screen for osteoporosis and (2) to provide a better understanding into the disease etiology of osteoporosis.

Recent Findings: Phantomless calibration techniques for computed tomography (CT) may pave the way for better opportunistic osteoporosis screening and the retroactive analysis of imaging data. Additionally, hardware advances are enabling new applications of dual-energy CT and cone-beam CT to the study of bone.