Comparative Analysis of Advanced Practice Nursing: Contextual and Historical Influences in North American and German-Speaking European Countries.

This article compares the professionalization and educational standards of Advanced Practice Nursing in the United States, Canada, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland with specific attention to geographical, political, and professional factors - both current and historical - influencing the evolution of these nurse leaders. A review of the literature, scientific articles, governmental regulatory texts, and legislative codes from each country, was performed. Patterns related to the geographical, political and professional context of nursing in each country were identified with comparative insights on the evolution of the discipline.

Ethical decision-making confidence scale for nurse leaders: Psychometric evaluation.

Background: Ethical decision-making confidence develops from clinical expertise and is a core competency for nurse leaders. No tool exists to measure confidence levels in nurse leaders based upon an ethical decision-making framework.

Aims: The objective of this research was to compare ethical decision-making among nurse leaders in the U.

Non-pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin as Palliative Chemotherapy in pre-Treated Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Twenty-Eight Patients.

Pancreatic cancer carries a devastating prognosis and is the fourth leading cause for cancer-related death in the United States and most European countries. Although one-third of patients receive a palliative third line therapy, the benefit of systemic therapy beyond second-line remains unclear. A plethora of clinical trials investigating novel drugs have failed over the past years.