Extracellular cAMP: The Past and Visiting the Future in cAMP-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles.

It is recently discovered that the cyclic nucleotide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be enriched in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from endothelial cells. In the current perspective a historical context for the discovery of the extracellular cAMP is provided. The story of extracellular cAMP through investigations addressing the molecule's role in the adenosine pathway is followed, which is widespread in mammalian physiology.

An evaluative tool for rapid assessment of derelict vessel effects on coastal resources.

Derelict vessels impact coastal and estuarine habitats, fisheries resources, are aesthetically unappealing, and may be a hazard to navigation and recreation. The Government Accountability Office estimated in 2013 over 5600 derelict vessels existed throughout the coastal United States. Considering the large number of derelict vessels present in coastal areas, effective tools are needed to assess the environmental damage exerted by derelict vessels and aid in management strategies for their removal.

Rickettsia prowazekii methionine aminopeptidase as a promising target for the development of antibacterial agents.

Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a class of ubiquitous enzymes essential for the survival of numerous bacterial species. These enzymes are responsible for the cleavage of N-terminal formyl-methionine initiators from nascent proteins to initiate post-translational modifications that are often essential to proper protein function. Thus, inhibition of MetAP activity has been implicated as a novel antibacterial target.

Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in beach sediments: Insights into microplastic accumulation in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries.

Microplastics (plastic debris smaller than 5mm) represent a growing concern worldwide due to increasing amounts of discarded trash. We investigated microplastic debris on sandy shorelines at seven locations in a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary (Mobile Bay, AL) during the summer of 2014. Microplastics were ubiquitous throughout the area studied at concentrations 66-253× larger than reported for the open ocean.

Immunotherapy of melanoma: a critical review of current concepts and future strategies.

Advanced melanoma is a devastating disease with a very poor overall prognosis. There are only two agents that are approved by the FDA for use in patients with metastatic melanoma: dacarbazine and IL-2. Both agents have an overall response rate well below 20%, with only rare long-term responders noted.

Current surgical management of melanoma.

The surgical management of melanoma has changed dramatically over the last few decades. Through the development and conduction of well-designed, prospective, randomized trials, we have been able to refine the way that we surgically manage patients with melanoma. Indeed, many important issues have been addressed through such trials: the proper surgical margins for the primary melanoma, utility of the elective lymph node dissection and the role for selective lymphadenectomy, to name a few.

The effects of microwaves on airborne microorganisms.

This paper reports preliminary results of simple experiments carried out to study the effects of microwave irradiation at 2.45 GHz on fungi, yeast and bacteria of the type encountered in food processing plants or in enclosures containing individuals infected with tuberculosis mycobacterium (TB). The results are sufficiently encouraging to justify further multivariable experiments particularly with air circulation schemes in which the air can be sterilized in a circular cylindrical microwave cavity operating at a higher order mode.