[Antiviral therapy and clinical cure for chronic hepatitis B in children: progress and challenges].

Chronic hepatitis B has become a global public health problem. Currently, children with chronic hepatitis B receiving antiviral treatment have become the focus of increasing attention. This article reviews the current status and progress of antiviral treatment, analyzes whether and when to treat, treatment regimen, efficacy and safety evaluation, and further explores the relevant factors for the clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B in children, with hope to provide a scientific basis for the clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B in adults.

Comparison of Performance of Two Stool DNA Tests and a Fecal Immunochemical Test in Detecting Colorectal Neoplasm: A Multicenter Diagnostic Study.

Background: The most widely used noninvasive screening tests for colorectal cancer are fecal occult blood tests. Stool DNA test was developed in recent years. However, direct comparative analyses of these tests within the same population are still sparse.

Prediction of biochemical nonresolution in patients with chronic drug-induced liver injury: A large multicenter study.

Background And Aims: To clarify high-risk factors and develop a nomogram model to predict biochemical resolution or biochemical nonresolution (BNR) in patients with chronic DILI.

Approach And Results: Retrospectively, 3655 of 5326 patients with chronic DILI were enrolled from nine participating hospitals, of whom 2866 underwent liver biopsy. All of these patients were followed up for over 1 year and their clinical characteristics were retrieved from electronic medical records.

Prediction for HBsAg seroconversion in children with chronic hepatitis B.

Background: To establish a prediction of HBsAg seroconversion in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), so as to help clinicians to choose therapeutic strategy.

Methods: A total of 63 children with HBeAg-positive CHB aged 1 to 17 years, who admitted to the fifth medical center of Chinese PLA general hospital and treated with interferon α (IFNα) 48 weeks were enrolled, the clinical data were measured. Based on the results of HBsAg seroconversion (HBsAg < 0.

Isoxanthohumol, a component of Sophora flavescens, promotes the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and induces idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Sophora flavescens is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice, which has the effects of clearing away heat and dampness. Unfortunately, it has been reported that Sophora flavescens and its preparation may cause liver damage to a certain extent, but the exact mechanism is not clear.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the safety and risk of Sophora flavescens and to elucidate the relationship between Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) and the NOD-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.

Reinfection and Breakthrough Infection of SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Challenge That Is Threatening Our World.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has threatened humans for more than one and a half years. In particular, viral mutation like delta strain has led to third- or fourth-wave transmission among the countries in Asia, Europe, and North America. Although large-scale vaccination has been carried out in many countries, the incidence of reinfection and vaccine-past breakthrough infection is becoming an emerging challenge to humans worldwide.

Prognostic Significance of Admission Systemic Inflammation Response Index in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for ~15% of all strokes and is associated with high mortality and disability rates. The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) is a novel systemic inflammatory marker based on peripheral neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of admission SIRI in patients with spontaneous ICH and compare its predictive ability with that of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).

Spine-Pelvis-Hip Alignments in Degenerative Spinal Deformity Patients and Associated Procedure of One-Stage Long-Fusion with Multiple-Level PLIF or Apical-Vertebra Three Column Osteotomy-a Clinical and Radiographic Analysis Study.

Objective: To explore the spine-pelvis-hip alignments in degenerative spinal deformity (DSD) patients, and compare the outcomes in the procedure of long-fusion with posterior lumbar inter-body fusion (PLIF) or single-level three-column osteotomy (STO) at lower lumbar level (LLL, L -S ) and thoracolumbar levels (TLL, T -L ) for those patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. Following institutional ethics approval, a total of 83 patients (Female, 67; Male, 16) with DSD underwent long-fusion with PLIF or STO surgery between March 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed.

Herb-Induced Liver Injury Related to (Thunb.) Moldenke: Risk Factors, Molecular and Mechanistic Specifics.

Herbal medicine is widely used in Asia as well as the west. Hepatotoxicity is one of the most severe side effects of herbal medicine which is an increasing concern around the world. (Thunb.

Increased Neutrophil Aging Contributes to T Cell Immune Suppression by PD-L1 and Arginase-1 in HIV-1 Treatment Naïve Patients.

Neutrophils are characterized by their heterogeneity. They fight against pathogens and are involved in tissue injury repair and immune system regulation. Neutrophils have an extremely short life span in the peripheral blood and undergo aging after being released from the bone marrow.

ABCB1 c.3435C > T and EPHX1 c.416A > G polymorphisms influence plasma carbamazepine concentration, metabolism, and pharmacoresistance in epileptic patients.

The gene polymorphisms of ABCB1, EPHX1, and SCN1A were found to influence carbamazepine (CBZ) metabolism and resistance in epilepsy patients, but the relevance remains controversial. To reveal the relationships among the gene polymorphisms of ABCB1, EPHX1, SCN1A and the metabolism and resistance of CBZ, the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technique Journals, China Biology medicine disc and Wan Fang were retrieved for suitable studies up to April 2021. 18 studies containing 3293 epilepsy patients were included.

Efficacy and safety of a nanoparticle therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aim: HBV DNA can be reduced using antiviral drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, the rate of HBeAg seroconversion remains low. A clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a de novo designed liposome-based nanoparticle lipopeptide vaccine, εPA-44, for CHB.

Approach And Results: A two-stage phase 2 trial, which included a 76-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (stage 1) and a 68-week open-label extension (stage 2), was conducted in 15 centers across China (Clinicaltrials.

[Early reduction of serum RANTES can predict HBsAg clearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues combined with peginterferon alpha].

To observe the dynamic changes of serum RANTES during the treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues combined with pegylated interferon alpha (peginterferon-α), and further analyze the predictive effect of RANTES on HBsAg clearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B. 98 cases of chronic hepatitis B with quantitative HBsAg < 3 000 IU/ml and HBV DNA < 20 IU/ml after≥1 year NAs treatment were enrolled. Among them, 26 cases continued to receive NAs monotherapy, 72 cases received NAs combined with pegylated interferon alpha therapy.

[Effects of programmed death receptor-1 antibody in patients with hepatitis B-associated liver cancer].

To investigate the effect of programmed death receptor (PD)-1 antibody therapy in patients with hepatitis B-associated liver cancer. Data of 29 chronically infected HBV patients with liver cancer who received PD-1 antibody combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from March 2020 to January 2021 were selected. At the same time, all of the above-mentioned hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues.

[The progress and challenges in immunotherapy for the difficulty- to- treat liver diseases].

As a digestive organ, the liver has the functions of metabolism, synthesis, and detoxification. It is also an immune organ and plays an important role in maintaining anti-infection, autoimmune stability, and anti-tumor. In particular, the liver has unique immunological advantages.

Dynamic assessments of hepatic encephalopathy and ammonia levels predict mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background: We evaluated the dynamics of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and ammonia estimation in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients due to a paucity of evidence.

Methods: ACLF patients recruited from the APASL-ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) were followed up till 30 days, death or transplantation, whichever earlier. Clinical details, including dynamic grades of HE and laboratory data, including ammonia levels, were serially noted.

[Analysis of factors influencing radiation-induced liver injury caused by stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma].

To analyze the factors influencing radiation-induced liver injury after receiving Cyberknife stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 278 cases with primary hepatocellular carcinoma from July 2016 to April 2019 were prospectively enrolled. Stereotactic radiosurgery with a prescription dose of 48-55gy/5-8 times were given.

Reduced stem cell aging in exercised human skeletal muscle is enhanced by ginsenoside Rg1.

Background: Stem cell aging, characterized by elevated p16 expression, decreases cell repopulating and self-renewal abilities, which results in elevated inflammation and slow recovery against stress.

Methods: Biopsied muscles were analyzed at baseline and 24 h after squat exercise in 12 trained men (22 ± 2 y). Placebo (PLA) and immunostimulant Rg1 (5 mg) were supplemented 1 h before a squat exercise, using a double-blind counterbalanced crossover design.

Reversal of the CD8 T-Cell Exhaustion Induced by Chronic HIV-1 Infection Through Combined Blockade of the Adenosine and PD-1 Pathways.

Background: Targeting immune checkpoints for HIV treatment potentially provides a double benefit resulting from the ability to restore viral-specific CD8 T-cell functions and enhance HIV production from reservoir cells. Despite promising pre-clinical data, PD-1 blockade alone in HIV-1-infected patients with advanced cancer has shown limited benefits in controlling HIV, suggesting the need for additional targets beyond PD-1. CD39 and PD-1 are highly co-expressed on CD8 T cells in HIV-1 infection.

Hyperthyroidism Prevalence in China After Universal Salt Iodization.

Background: Universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in mainland China in 1996. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and its risk factors now require examination.

Methods: Data were acquired from a nationwide Thyroid, Iodine, and Diabetes Epidemiological survey (TIDE 2015-2017) of 78,470 subjects from 31 provinces.

Novel small molecule inhibitors of the transcription factor ETS-1 and their antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma.

The transcription factor ETS-1 (E26 transformation specific sequence 1) is the key regulator for malignant tumor cell proliferation and invasion by mediating the transcription of the invasion/migration related factors, e.g. MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases).