PD-1/L1 With or Without CTLA-4 Inhibitors Versus Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: With the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whether ICIs or chemotherapy is more effective still remains controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) alone or in their combination vs chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC.

Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2021 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials.