Kitul, a food plant with antidiabetic-like effects: Reduction of intracellular reactive species in glucose-stimulated RIN-5F pancreatic β-cells and mitigation of pro-inflammatory mediators in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Kitul (Caryota urens L.) inflorescences are broadly used for sweet sap production in Asian countries and Kitul food products are known as being suitable for diabetic patients. Considering the strong ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, we hypothesize that kitul antidiabetic properties might also involve the modulation of inflammatory pathways and hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and UHPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS characterization of polyphenols in the leaves of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White and cytotoxicity to gastric carcinoma cells.

Among several extracts from species from Guinea-Bissauan flora, the hydroethanol extract obtained from the leaves of gingerbread plum (Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White.) revealed to be one of the most cytotoxic towards human gastric AGS carcinoma cells.

Activation of caspase-3 in gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells by Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. fruit and characterization of its phenolic fingerprint by HPLC-DAD-ESI(Ion Trap)-MS and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS.

While the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. are important in African countries as a local trade product, their composition remains scarcely investigated.

Native Species Facing Climate Changes: Response of Calafate Berries to Low Temperature and UV Radiation.

Calafate ( G. Forst) is a wild bush plant widely distributed in the south of Argentina and Chile. Their blue colored fruits present particular flavor and health benefits attributed to high polyphenol contents biosynthesized by the plant under stress.

Gustavia gracillima Miers. flowers effects on enzymatic targets underlying metabolic disorders and characterization of its polyphenolic content by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS.

Notwithstanding Gustavia gracillima Miers widespread distribution in neotropical regions, its chemical profile and biological properties remain uninvestigated. A methanol extract obtained from the flowers was characterized through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, nine ellagic acid derivatives and twelve kaempferol 3-O-glycosides being identified and quantitated for the first time at the species and genus. Preliminary cytotoxicity screening did not reveal noticeable effects upon gastrointestinal representative cell lines (AGS, Caco-2 and Hep G2), which further prompted us to evaluate the impact in a series of targets involved in metabolic disorders and associated complications.

Valorisation of kitul, an overlooked food plant: Phenolic profiling of fruits and inflorescences and assessment of their effects on diabetes-related targets.

Caryota urens L. has long been valued as a traditional food, the edible fruits being eaten raw and the inflorescences commonly used on sweet sap and flour production. In the current work, the phenolic profile of methanol extracts obtained from the inflorescences and fruits was unveiled for the first time, nine caffeic acid derivatives being identified and quantified.

Oxylipin regulation by phenolic compounds from coffee beverage: Positive outcomes from a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults and macrophage derived foam cells.

Oxylipins are considered biomarkers related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). They are generated in vivo via the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a result of oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxylipins are involved in vascular functions and are produced during foam cell formation in atherogenesis.

In vitro multifunctionality of phlorotannin extracts from edible Fucus species on targets underpinning neurodegeneration.

Bioprospecting for seaweed-derived multimodal acting products have earned increasing attention in the fight against diseases of multifactorial origin, such as neurodegenerative conditions. This is a pioneer study on the in vitro screening of neuroactive properties of phlorotannin-targeted extracts from edible Fucus species. Phlorotannin extracts exhibited multifunctional antioxidant properties, which were suggested to be responsible for counteracting glutamate toxicity in neuronal human-derived SH-SY5Y cells.

UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS profiling of phenolic and carotenoid compounds and their influence on anticholinergic potential for AChE and BuChE inhibition and on-line antioxidant activity of selected Hippophaë rhamnoides L. cultivars.

This study aimed to identify by UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS and quantify by UPLC-PDA phenolic compounds (26 flavonols and 2 phenolic acids) and carotenoids (16) from berries of different cultivars of Hippophaë rhamnoides and determine correlations between these variables and in vitro anticholinergic and on-line antioxidant potential. Isorhamnetin derivatives presented over 65% of total flavonols, but quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were also determined. Carotenes accounted for 19 to 47%, xanthophylls 16 to 81% of total carotenoids.

Comparative study of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in terms of their phytoprostanes and phytofurans contents.

Cocoa has been widely discussed as a bioactive food rich in sensory stimulation and health benefits. However, no information has been provided concerning phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) in cocoa. These compounds are of interest because they play a role in the regulation of immune function.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS phenolic profile and in vitro biological potential of Centaurium erythraea Rafn aqueous extract.

Centaurium erythraea Rafn is a food flavouring used in both food and beverage industries. Despite the existence of some works on this species, only few focus their attention on its common form of consumption (infusion). Thus, we intended to explore the chemical composition and the biological properties of infusions from C.

Edible seaweeds' phlorotannins in allergy: A natural multi-target approach.

The anti-allergenicity of phlorotannin-targeted extracts from four edible seaweed species of Fucus genus was evaluated herein for the first time. Extracts were able to act upon cellular events triggered by immunological reaction (IgE/antigen), and on cellular events downstream the Ca influx caused by a chemical stimulus (calcium ionophore A23187), preventing degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, a dose-dependent behaviour towards allergy-related enzymatic systems was observed for all the phlorotannin extracts.

Leaves and stem bark from Allophylus africanus P. Beauv.: An approach to anti-inflammatory properties and characterization of their flavonoid profile.

The small tree Allophylus africanus, widespread in the African continent, has long been considered valuable, as noted by the number of reports on their multiple medicinal uses. With this work, we aimed to extend the current, and so far restricted, knowledge on the chemical composition of the plant, particularly as source of flavonoids, as well as to assess its potential anti-inflammatory properties. The chemical characterization of the aqueous extract obtained from the leaves allowed the identification and quantitation of 30 flavones, predominantly apigenin derivatives, but also four luteolin derivatives, while the stem bark extract was solely characterized by apigenin di-C-glycosides and mono-C-glycosides-O-glycosylated.

Oxidized LDL triggers changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in human macrophages.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a well-recognized proatherogenic particle that functions in atherosclerosis. In this study, we established conditions to generate human oxLDL, characterized according to the grade of lipid and protein oxidation, particle size and oxylipin content. The induction effect of the cellular proatherogenic response was assessed in foam cells by using an oxLDL-macrophage interaction model.

In vitro multimodal-effect of Trichilia catigua A. Juss. (Meliaceae) bark aqueous extract in CNS targets.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The bark of Trichilia catigua A. Juss. (Meliaceae), popularly known as "big catuaba", is traditionally used in Brazilian folk medicine for its neuroactive potential as memory stimulant, and antinociceptive and antidepressant effects.

Effect of the dietary intake of melatonin- and hydroxytyrosol-rich wines by healthy female volunteers on the systemic lipidomic-related oxylipins.

Oxylipins are lipid mediators involved in the physiopathology of all organs. Moreover, isoprostanes have been established as general and reliable in vivo oxidative stress biomarkers. Red wine has proved to exert several benefits through the maintenance of the oxidative balance of the organism.

Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by Spanish extra virgin olive oils: The involvement of bioactive compounds other than oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol.

Despite the wide use of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) to combat several diseases, the antidiabetic and anti-cholinesterase activity of Spanish EVOO have not been assessed. In order to evaluate which compounds are responsible for these activities of five Spanish EVOOs, in addition to flavonoids, we investigated for the first time the effect of the contents of carotenoids, fatty acids (FAs), and phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) on four enzymes: α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase. The extracts of these five Spanish EVOOs were found to contain three flavones, three carotenoids, six FAs, and seven classes of PhytoPs.

Accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in edible jackfruit seed tissues and scavenging of reactive nitrogen species.

Studies involving jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) focus on its fruit. Nevertheless a considerable part of jackfruit weight is represented by its seeds.

Anti-inflammatory properties of the stem bark from the herbal drug Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex Schauer and characterization of its polyphenolic profile.

Vitex spp. have been reported as constituents of herbal preparations, namely Vitex peduncularis, commonly used in Asian countries. Unlike other species extensively investigated, reports on the biological activities and chemical profile of V.

Optimization of the recovery of high-value compounds from pitaya fruit by-products using microwave-assisted extraction.

A green microwave-assisted extraction of high value-added compounds from exotic fruits' peels was optimized by Box-Behnken design using 3 factors: solid/solvent ratio, X, temperature, X, and extraction time, X. By using Derringer's desirability function, optimum extraction yields are obtained with X=1/149.95g/mL, X=72.

Potential applications of lipid peroxidation products - F-neuroprostanes, F-neuroprostanes, F-dihomo-isoprostanes and F-isoprostanes - in the evaluation of the allograft function in renal transplantation.

F-neuroprostanes, F-neuroprostanes, and F-dihomo-isoprostanes, metabolites of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids [docosahexaenoic acid, n-6 docosapentanoic acid, and adrenic acid respectively], have become important biomarkers for oxidative stress in several diseases like epilepsy and alzheimer. These biomarkers and the 15-F-isoprostane (also known as 8-iso-PGF) a F-isoprostane isomer measured as reference oxidative marker at systemic level, were analyzed by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in the urine of 60 renal recipients from cadaveric donors of the Nephrology Unit of the University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, at six different times during the first six months after renal transplantation, and were compared with a control group of 60 healthy subjects from the same hospital. A total of 11 metabolites were analyzed and different patterns were observed.

Melatonin and hydroxytyrosol protect against oxidative stress related to the central nervous system after the ingestion of three types of wine by healthy volunteers.

Adrenic acid (AdA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) peroxidation produces F-dihomo-IsoPs and neuroprostanes, which have been related to oxidative damage in the central nervous system. Besides polyphenols, melatonin (MEL) and hydroxytyrosol (OHTyr) could be partly responsible for the antioxidant benefits of red wine (excluding colon derivatives). In order to elucidate whether these compounds are responsible for the protective antioxidant effects of red wine, a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled in vivo study - involving the intake of red wines and their native musts by healthy volunteers - was performed.

Melatonin and hydroxytyrosol-rich wines influence the generation of DNA oxidation catabolites linked to mutagenesis after the ingestion of three types of wine by healthy volunteers.

The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been proved to exert benefits with respect to the maintenance of the redox balance, and wine is a representative component. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, melatonin and hydroxytyrosol act as radical scavengers and regulate the oxidation status of organisms. Oxidative damage to DNA yields a large range of end products.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n) profiling of phenolic compounds from Lathyrus cicera L. seeds.

Lathyrus cicera L. seeds are of interest for food and feed purposes. Despite the recognized antioxidant activity of the seeds, arising from the phenolic fraction, their phenolic compounds have not been studied in depth yet.

Impact of packaging atmosphere, storage and processing conditions on the generation of phytoprostanes as quality processing compounds in almond kernels.

The thermal processing of almond kernels implies the use of techniques that produce chemical changes such as oxidation. Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) are considered biomarkers of the oxidative stress in plants. We studied the PhytoP profile in kernels of almond cultivars under different conditions, in relation to packaging, temperature and time of storage and processing.