N values estimation based on photon flux simulation with Geant4 toolkit.

N values are routinely introduced in photon activation analysis (PAA) as the ratio of special activities of product nuclides to compare the relative intensities of different reaction channels. They determine the individual activities of each radioisotope and the total activity of the sample, which are the primary concerns of radiation safety. Traditionally, N values are calculated from the gamma spectroscopy in real measurements by normalizing the activities of individual nuclides to the reference reaction [Ni(γ, n)Ni] of the nickel monitor simultaneously irradiated in photon activation.

Determining concentrations of elements with different reaction channels in photon activation.

In photon activation, same element may be activated by the bremsstrahlung beam through different nuclear reaction channels and produce different radioisotopes. These radioisotopes follow their own decay schemes and generate characteristic gamma rays. This phenomenon usually is an interference in spectra analysis, but it also offers a theoretical feasibility to determine the concentration of one element through different reaction channels.