Seven practical strategies to add active learning to a science lecture.

Multiple research studies have shown active learning can increase student performance, reduce fail rates, and increase the success of marginalized students in STEM. In this mini-review we discuss a simple framework for planning and implementing active learning in the classroom. We provide seven strategies to support faculty members who want to implement this framework, with five suggested teaching activities and two mechanisms of creating space in the lecture to use the activities.

Producing multi-coloured bunches through beam-induced ionization injection in plasma wakefield accelerator.

This paper discusses the properties of electron beams formed in plasma wakefield accelerators through ionization injection. In particular, the potential for generating a beam composed of co-located multi-colour beamlets is demonstrated in the case where the ionization is initiated by the evolving charge field of the drive beam itself. The physics of the processes of ionization and injection are explored through OSIRIS simulations.

Factors Associated With Sexual Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs in Communities in Cambodia.

In Cambodia, HIV prevalence at 4% remains high among people who use drugs (PWUD). Complex and overlapping risk behaviors may enhance sexual transmission risk beyond PWUD. This study, therefore, aims to assess the factors associated with sexual risk behaviors among PWUD.

Quality Improvement at the Health System Level: Measurement, Risk Stratification, Disparity Populations, and Governance.

Value-based health systems encompass a range of care-delivery models from small independent practices to large integrated delivery systems and academic medical centers. In addition, public and private payers, federal and state agencies, professional societies, and not-for-profit organizations collect and analyze data for quality and value improvement in health care-delivery outcomes. In this article, we review the multidimensional aspects of data collection, aggregation, analysis, and use for and by value-based health systems.

Alcohol Intake and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.

Purpose: It is unknown whether alcohol intake is associated with the risk of lethal (metastatic or fatal) prostate cancer. We examine (1) whether alcohol intake among men at risk of prostate cancer is associated with diagnosis of lethal prostate cancer and (2) whether intake among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer is associated with metastasis or death.

Methods: This prospective cohort study uses the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2012).

Randomized Trial of Intravenous Versus Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of two different intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy regimens on progression-free survival (PFS) among women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian carcinoma.

Methods: Eligible patients were randomly assigned to six cycles of IV paclitaxel 80 mg/m once per week with intravenous (IV) carboplatin area under the curve 6 (IV carboplatin) versus IV paclitaxel 80 mg/m once per week with IP carboplatin area under the curve 6 (IP carboplatin) versus once every 3 weeks IV paclitaxel 135 mg/m over 3 hours day 1, IP cisplatin 75 mg/m day 2, and IP paclitaxel 60 mg/m day 8 (IP cisplatin). All participants received bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks in cycles 2 to 22.

Identification, Pathogenicity, and Spore Trapping of Associated with Twig and Shoot Dieback in California.

Corda, 1831 species are well-documented pathogens of citrus that are associated with leaf and fruit anthracnose diseases. However, their role in twig and shoot dieback diseases of citrus has recently become more prominent. Recent surveys of orchards in the Central Valley of California have revealed .

Pilot Evaluation of a Conservation Corps Program for Young Adults.

Education and employment programs may be effective at reducing problem behaviors among at-risk young adults. This pilot study evaluated whether participants in a Conservation Corps program ( = 100) showed changes in antisocial behavior, gang membership, and substance use during the program. Participants were young adults between 18 and 24 years who were predominantly male (60%) and ethnic minority (62% Latino; 31% African American).

Duration of Oxaliplatin-Containing Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Colon Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline.

Purpose: To develop recommendations for duration of adjuvant chemotherapy with a fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin for patients with completely resected stage III colon cancer based on the results of trials of 3 months compared with 6 months of treatment.

Methods: ASCO convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of relevant studies. The guideline recommendations were based on the review of evidence by the Expert Panel.

Quality Improvement Initiative to Improve Tobacco Cessation Efforts in Radiation Oncology.

Purpose: Although continued tobacco use in patients who are treated with radiation therapy is associated with inferior outcomes and increased treatment-related toxicity, multiple studies have shown that current tobacco cessation efforts in oncology are insufficient. A quality improvement (QI) initiative was developed with the goal of improving tobacco cessation efforts in radiation oncology.

Methods: Using iterative plan-do-study-act cycles, barriers to tobacco cessation were identified and then addressed with a single-institutional QI initiative designed to improve physician assessment of patient readiness to quit tobacco by 50% or more.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the gut microbiome: Are bacteria responsible for fatty liver?

This invited minireview for the upcoming thematic issue on the microbiome addresses the role of the microbiome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The incidence of NAFLD has increased greatly in recent years in parallel with the rise in obesity and is now believed to have a population prevalence of 20-40%. It is anticipated to soon become the primary cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, and unfortunately, there are few treatment options.

TBCRC 022: A Phase II Trial of Neratinib and Capecitabine for Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer and Brain Metastases.

Purpose: Evidence-based treatments for metastatic, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer to the CNS are limited. We previously reported modest activity of neratinib monotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. Here we report the results from additional study cohorts.

Lexically-mediated syntactic priming effects in comprehension: Sources of facilitation.

The nature of the facilitation occurring when sentences share a verb and syntactic structure (i.e., lexically-mediated syntactic priming) has not been adequately addressed in comprehension.

The Japanese Version of the Adolescent Time Inventory-Time Attitudes (ATI-TA) Scale: Internal Consistency, Structural Validity, and Convergent Validity.

In this study, we translated the Adolescent Time Inventory-Time Attitudes (ATI-TA) scale into Japanese and examined the internal consistency and structural and convergent validity of ATI-TA scores in a sample of 383 Japanese high school students aged 15 to 18 years. The ATI-TA consists of six subscales assessing two valences (positive and negative) for each of three time periods (past, present, and future). Internal consistency estimates for scores on the ATI-TA were over .

Effect of Donor Milk Supplementation on Breastfeeding Outcomes in Term Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) use for healthy newborns is increasing; however, no studies have explored its effect on breastfeeding outcomes.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled 60 healthy, term breastfeeding newborns with ≥4.5% weight loss in the first 36 hours in a randomized controlled trial.

Nutrition for the Prevention and Treatment of Injuries in Track and Field Athletes.

Injuries are an inevitable consequence of athletic performance with most athletes sustaining one or more during their athletic careers. As many as one in 12 athletes incur an injury during international competitions, many of which result in time lost from training and competition. Injuries to skeletal muscle account for over 40% of all injuries, with the lower leg being the predominant site of injury.

Structural Stress and Otherness: How Do They Influence Psychological Stress?

This study represents the initial steps in researching the cultural distress model and explores the cumulative layering of stressors that place the patient at risk for cultural distress, including structural stress and otherness. A cross-sectional descriptive correlational analysis of intersecting identities (Structural Stressors), ethnicity-related stressors (Otherness) and ethnic-identity (Otherness) on psychological stress. Participants were also asked to define the word culture.

Profiles and academic trajectories of cognitively gifted children with autism spectrum disorder.

Gifted children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often referred to as twice-exceptional, the term that highlights the co-occurrence of exceptional challenges and exceptional giftedness. This study performed secondary data analysis on samples of twice-exceptional children from the Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study and the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study datasets. The results provide a descriptive profile of twice-exceptional (e.

Population-Based Assessment of the Association Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Background Parenchymal Enhancement and Future Primary Breast Cancer Risk.

Purpose: To evaluate comparative associations of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and mammographic breast density with subsequent breast cancer risk.

Patients And Methods: We examined women undergoing breast MRI in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium from 2005 to 2015 (with one exam in 2000) using qualitative BPE assessments of minimal, mild, moderate, or marked. Breast density was assessed on mammography performed within 5 years of MRI.

Coordination of Care Around Surgery for Colon Cancer: Insights From National Patterns of Physician Encounters With Medicare Beneficiaries.

Purpose: To improve care coordination for complex cancers, it is critical to establish a more nuanced understanding of the types of providers involved. As the number of provider types increases, strategies to support cancer care coordination must adapt to a greater variety of information needs, communication styles, and treatment strategies.

Methods: We categorized providers into 11 types, using National Provider Identifier specialties.

Diabetes Technology Society Report on the FDA Digital Health Software Precertification Program Meeting.

Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) convened a meeting about the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Digital Health Software Precertification Program on August 28, 2018. Forty-eight attendees participated from clinical and academic endocrinology (both adult and pediatric), nursing, behavioral health, engineering, and law, as well as representatives of FDA, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), and industry. The meeting was intended to provide ideas to FDA about their plan to launch a Digital Health Software Precertification Program.

Comparing Health Care Provider-Perceived Barriers to Pediatric Palliative Care Fifteen Years Ago and Today.

Objective: This study examines health care provider perspectives about barriers to pediatric palliative care for seriously ill children 15 years after an initial study within the same academic health system.

Methods: Anonymous validated surveys were sent electronically to inpatient nursing unit distribution lists (n = 1315). Reminders were sent through e-mail twice over a two-month data collection period.

Reading sentences of words with rotated letters: An eye movement study.

Participants' eye movements were measured as they read sentences in which individual letters within words were rotated. Both the consistency of direction and the magnitude of rotation were manipulated (letters rotated all in the same direction, or alternately clockwise and anti-clockwise, by 30° or 60°). Each sentence included a target word that was manipulated for frequency of occurrence.