A scoping review of reporting gaps in FDA-approved AI medical devices.

Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI/ML) models in healthcare may exacerbate health biases. Regulatory oversight is critical in evaluating the safety and effectiveness of AI/ML devices in clinical settings. We conducted a scoping review on the 692 FDA-approved AI/ML-enabled medical devices approved from 1995-2023 to examine transparency, safety reporting, and sociodemographic representation.

Genome-wide study of gene-by-sex interactions identifies risks for cleft palate.

Structural birth defects affect 3-4% of all live births and, depending on the type, tend to manifest in a sex-biased manner. Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common craniofacial structural birth defects and are often divided into cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CP). Previous studies have found sex-specific risks for CL/P, but these risks have yet to be evaluated in CP.

Review of the Literature on the Current State of Periosteum-Mediated Craniofacial Bone Regeneration.

Study Design: This is an article review on the current state of periosteum-mediated bone regeneration (PMBR). It is a known mandibular reconstruction option in children, and though poorly understood and unpredictable, the concerns of developmental changes to donor and recipient tissues shared by other treatment options are nonexistent. The definitive role of periosteum during bone regeneration remains largely unknown.

A cross-sectional assessment of expanding basic healthcare services to rural and underserved communities through proprietary patent medicine vendors in Northern Nigeria.

The poor health indices in Nigeria are widely reported to be fueled by an acute shortage of skilled medical personnel. Opinions are converging that Proprietary and Patent Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) can bridge this human resource for health gaps. This study therefore aimed to assess the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of providing expanded basic health services among the skilled health workers operating PPMVs in underserved communities in Northern Nigeria states.

Nasal Carriage, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile, and Enterotoxin Genes of Isolated from Children with Asthma.

Unlabelled: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects children worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that contributes to the pathology of asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nasal carriage, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and presence of enterotoxin genes from isolated from children with asthma.

Impact of electronic medical records on healthcare delivery in Nigeria: A review.

Electronic medical records (EMRs) have great potential to improve healthcare processes and outcomes. They are increasingly available in Nigeria, as in many developing countries. The impact of their introduction has not been well studied.

Effects of anthropogenic activities on the microbial community diversity of Ologe Lagoon sediment in Lagos State, Nigeria.

The impact of pollution on the Ologe Lagoon was assessed by comparing physicochemical properties, hydrocarbon concentrations and microbial community structures of the sediments obtained from distinct sites of the lagoon. The locations were the human activity site (OLHAS), industrial-contaminated sites (OLICS) and relatively undisturbed site (OLPS). The physicochemical properties, heavy metal concentrations and hydrocarbon profiles were determined using standard methods.

Impact of Truenat on TB diagnosis in Nigeria.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Truenat assays on the diagnosis of TB at peripheral facilities in Nigeria.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study across 34 out of 38 Truenat-implementing facilities in Nigeria. These facilities offer DOTS services.

COVID-19-Related Treatment Cancellations and Oncology Patients' Psychological Health in Nigeria.

To explore the association between COVID-19-related cancer treatment cancellations and the psychological health of cancer patients in Nigeria. We analyzed data collected from 15 outpatient cancer clinics, comprising 1,097 patients between April to July 2020. Study outcome was ten psychological impacts, including feeling down, stressed, and unable to access treatment due to COVID-19 (used as continuous and categorical variable (0-3,4-7,8+ events).

Rural-Urban Differences in Risk Factors for Prediabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes Among Adult Dwellers in Selected Yoruba-Speaking Parts of Nigeria: A Glycated Haemoglobin-Based Population Screening.

Background And Objectives: Prevalence of prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes are different in rural and urban dwellings, with varying driving factors. This study aimed to determine the differences in risk factors of prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes among Yoruba speaking adult dwellers in selected rural and urban communities in Nigeria using haemoglobin A1c.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five selected states in Southwestern Nigeria.

Variation in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: the INTERASPIRE study.

Background And Aims: INTERASPIRE is an international study of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, designed to measure if guideline standards for secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation are being achieved in a timely manner.

Methods: Between 2020 and 2023, adults hospitalized in the preceding 6-24 months with incident or recurrent CHD were sampled in 14 countries from all 6 World Health Organization regions and invited for a standardized interview and examination. Direct age and sex standardization was used for country-level prevalence estimation.

Innovative pharmacological approaches to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The emerging role of Aficamten.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disorder characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which can lead to left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Traditional treatments often provide limited symptom relief and may not adequately reduce the LVOT gradient. Myosin inhibitors, such as Aficamten , offer a new therapeutic approach by modulating myocardial contractility and improving symptoms.

Core outcome sets for trials of interventions to prevent and to treat multimorbidity in adults in low and middle-income countries: the COSMOS study.

Introduction: The burden of multimorbidity is recognised increasingly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), creating a strong emphasis on the need for effective evidence-based interventions. Core outcome sets (COS) appropriate for the study of multimorbidity in LMICs do not presently exist. These are required to standardise reporting and contribute to a consistent and cohesive evidence-base to inform policy and practice.

Disability Inclusion in the National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS: A Review on the National Response of West African Countries.

Objectives: Persons with disabilities (PWD) often experience risks associated with HIV/AIDS including unmet needs and overlooked stigmatization. This could be attributed to certain misconceptions such as PWDs are asexual, and cannot enjoy sexual pleasure, among others. Therefore, this paper sought to investigate the extent of disability inclusion in recent National Strategic Plans (NSPs) for HIV/AIDS in West African countries.