Longitudinal neural connection detection using a ferritin-encoding adeno-associated virus vector and in vivo MRI method.

The investigation of neural circuits is important for interpreting both healthy brain function and psychiatric disorders. Currently, the architecture of neural circuits is always investigated with fluorescent protein encoding neurotropic virus and ex vivo fluorescent imaging technology. However, it is difficult to obtain a whole-brain neural circuit connection in living animals, due to the limited fluorescent imaging depth.

Investigation of metabolic kinetics in different brain regions of awake rats using the [H-C]-NMR technique.

Energy metabolism and neurotransmission are necessary for sustaining normal life activities. Hence, neurological or psychiatric disorders are always associated with changes in neurotransmitters and energy metabolic states in the brain. Most studies have only focused on the most important neurotransmitters, particularly GABA and Glu, however, other metabolites such as NAA and aspartate which are also very important for cerebral function are rarely investigated.

Identification of metabolic kinetic patterns in different brain regions using metabolomics methods coupled with various discriminant approaches.

Metabolomics is widely used as a powerful technique for identifying metabolic patterns and functions of organs and biological systems. Normally, there are multiple groups/targets involved in data processed by discriminant analysis. This is more common in cerebral studies, as there are always several brain regions involved in neuronal studies or brain metabolic dysfunctions.

Functions of lactate in the brain of rat with intracerebral hemorrhage evaluated with MRI/MRS and in vitro approaches.

Introduction: Lactate accumulation in the brain is caused by the anaerobic metabolism induced by ischemic damages, which always accompanies intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). Our former findings showed that microglia's movement was always directly toward hemorrhagic center with the highest lactate concentration, and penumbra area has the largest density of compactly arrayed microglia. However, the relationship between microglia and lactate concentration has not been well documented.

Elevated glutamate, glutamine and GABA levels and reduced taurine level in a schizophrenia model using an in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance method.

Accumulating evidence suggests that brain metabolic changes may be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Both and studies have found glutamatergic and GABAergic abnormalities in different brain regions of individuals with schizophrenia. We report a longitudinal behavioral study in a methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rat model of schizophrenia at three different age periods: prepuberty, late-puberty and early-adulthood.

SIL1 Rescued Bip Elevation-Related Tau Hyperphosphorylation in ER Stress.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been indicated in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which tau hyperphosphorylation is one major pathological alteration. The elevation of binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip), an important ER chaperon, was reported in AD brain. It is important to study the roles of ER-related chaperons in tau hyperphosphorylation.