Comparison of 12-cm versus 6-cm long peripheral catheters in patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA).

Background: Long peripheral catheter is 6-15 cm long vascular device. The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of complications of two types of long peripheral catheters with different length inserted in DIVA patients.

Methods: Under ultrasound navigation 2.

First cases in the Czech Republic of the Hallervorden-Spatz disease resulting from mutation in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene.

Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) was and is known as a rare disorder primarily characterized by progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction and dementia alongside optic nerve atrophy or retinal degeneration and pyramidal signs. The rate of occurence of HSD is thus far unknown. Progress in DNA diagnostics stirred up a nomenclature and from HSD, or, perhaps better put, the Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, crystallized the pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) as a clearly defined entity on the level of DNA.