Outcomes for various dural graft materials after posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty for Chiari malformation type I: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) is often used for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I), but outcomes associated with different dural graft materials are not well characterized. In this meta-analysis, the authors examined complication rates and outcomes after PFDD for CM-I for autografts and four types of nonautologous grafts.

Methods: A literature search of numerous electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment Database, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, and ClinicalTrials.

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Filoviridae.

Members of the family Filoviridae produce variously shaped, often filamentous, enveloped virions containing linear non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomes of 15-19 kb. Several filoviruses (e.g.

Anesthesiology Control Tower: Feasibility Assessment to Support Translation (ACT-FAST)-a feasibility study protocol.

Background: Major postoperative morbidity and mortality remain common despite efforts to improve patient outcomes. Health information technologies have the potential to actualize advances in perioperative patient care, but failure to evaluate the usability of these technologies may hinder their implementation and acceptance. This protocol describes the usability testing of an innovative telemedicine-based intra-operative clinical support system, the Anesthesiology Control Tower, in which a team led by an attending anesthesiologist will use a combination of established and novel information technologies to provide evidence-based support to their colleagues in the operating room.

Current Role of Active Surveillance in the Management of a Small Renal Mass.

Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 3-4% of adult malignant neoplasms and over 65,000 new cases of kidney cancer were diagnosed in the USA in 2013 [1, 2]. Widespread use of abdominal imaging is leading to an increased incidence in the detection of small renal masses (SRMs) among other causes [1-4]. In light of recent literature on the role of percutaneous renal mass biopsy and retrospective data analysis, surveillance for renal masses ≤4 cm is likely to become more common especially in patients with less aggressive pathology, advanced age and multiple medical comorbidities.

Changes by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education: Success or Failure?: An AOA Critical Issues Symposium.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has introduced far-reaching changes to the educational requirements for postgraduate trainees over the past 15 years. These steps were taken to improve the quality of education and to enhance patient safety. This symposium will explore the design and implementation of these changes and determine if they are succeeding.

Rare Variants in the Functional Domains of Complement Factor H Are Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has a substantial genetic risk component, as evidenced by the risk from common genetic variants uncovered in the first genome-wide association studies. More recently, it has become apparent that rare genetic variants also play an independent role in AMD risk. We sought to determine if rare variants in complement factor H (CFH) played a role in AMD risk.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial pneumonia: impact of pneumonia classification.

Objective: To describe and compare the mortality associated with nosocomial pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa-NP) according to pneumonia classification (community-onset pneumonia [COP], hospital-acquired pneumonia [(HAP], and ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]).

Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with Pa-NP. We compared mortality for Pa-NP among patients with COP, HAP, and VAP and used logistic regression to identify risk factors for hospital mortality and inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy (IIAT).

Functional Visual Improvement After Cataract Surgery in Eyes With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Results of the Ophthalmic Surgical Outcomes Data Project.

Purpose: To determine if cataract surgery on eyes with AMD confers as much functional visual improvement as surgery on eyes without retinal pathology.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 4924 cataract surgeries from the Veterans Healthcare Administration Ophthalmic Surgical Outcomes Data Project (OSOD). We included cases of eyes with AMD that had both preoperative and postoperative NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaires submitted and compared their outcomes with controls without retinal pathology.

Breakfast intake among adults with type 2 diabetes: influence on daily energy intake.

Objective: To assess the association between breakfast energy and total daily energy intake among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Daily energy intake was computed from a 24 h dietary recall.