The Association of Dispositional Optimism and Pessimism With Cardiovascular Disease Events in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Positive psychosocial factors may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine the association of optimism and pessimism with CVD events in community-dwelling older adults. 11,651 adults aged 70 years and over, participants of the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP), were followed-up for 4.

Increasing hospital admission rates for anorexia nervosa amongst young women in Australia from 1998 to 2018.

Objective: This study aims to describe the trends in community incidence, community prevalence, mortality, overnight hospital admission rates and average overnight inpatient length of stay (ALOS) for anorexia nervosa (AN) amongst young females aged 15-29 in Australia, between 1998-2018.

Methods: Hospitalisation and ALOS data was obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare principal data cubes. Epidemiological data relating to community-level incidence, community-level prevalence, disability adjusted life years (DALY) and mortality were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange.

Cariprazine: A new partial dopamine agonist with a familiar profile.

Objective: Cariprazine is the third partial dopamine agonist now available in Australia. This paper will review the properties, evidence and likely clinical place of cariprazine.

Conclusion: Cariprazine is a partial agonist with high affinity at dopamine D and D receptors, partial agonism at 5HT receptors, moderate 5HT and H antagonism and no anticholinergic activity.

Startle-elicited Event-Related Potentials to Affective Stimuli are Associated with Recent Illicit Opioid use among Patients Receiving Opioid Agonist Treatment.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has been linked to exaggerated attentional, affective, and arousal responses to opioid-related stimuli, as well as altered responses to other affective (eg, naturally rewarding or aversive) stimuli, particularly blunted responses to pleasant/rewarding stimuli. Both exaggerated responses to drug-related stimuli and reduced response to pleasant stimuli may influence the course of OUD and its treatment, however interpretation of studies thus far is limited by methodological issues. In the present study, we examined subjective ratings, and attenuation of the P3 component of the acoustic startle-evoked event-related potential (as a measure of attention), while viewing neutral, pleasant, unpleasant, and drug-related images.

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the well-being of clients of a specialist personality disorder service.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the well-being of people with severe borderline personality disorder (BPD) during the first wave of COVID-19 social restrictions.

Method: Clients of an outpatient specialist personality disorder clinic ( = 77) were invited to the study. An online survey was conducted including a range of open-ended questions exploring well-being and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) which assesses 'coronaphobia'.

Is there a missing-middle in Australian mental health care?

Objective: The term 'missing-middle' has been prominent in discourse relating to provision of mental health care in Australia, particularly by proponents of non-governmental youth mental health services such as headspace and related adult services. We investigate whether there is an empirical basis for use of the 'missing-middle' term, founded on qualitative and quantitative research.

Conclusions: Despite the widespread use of the term 'missing-middle' for advocacy in Australia, there is a lack of research characterising the epidemiological characteristics of the group.

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease: Referral and patient experiences.

The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) referred to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and to understand their experiences of participation or non-participation. Adults (>18 years old) with a diagnosis of ILD were identified from the Alfred Health ILD registry in Melbourne. Information regarding PR referral and attendance were collected from medical records.

Retirement Confidence: Development of an Index.

Older workers who are confident about the changes accompanying retirement report higher well-being. We have developed an index to measure retirement confidence - the Retirement Confidence Index (RCI). A six-stage approach was used to develop the index items, including (i) a literature review to catalogue retirement confidence components; (ii) a consultation with a panel of experts to review the proposed indicators and combine components according to their meaning; (iii) normalisation of the selected components to make them comparable; (iv) weighting of the top-level dimensions using experts' judgement; (v) linear aggregation of the dimension scores according to their corresponding relative weight; and (vi) correlation of the composite score with a self-report measure of retirement confidence.

The Batty Effect: Victim-Survivors and Domestic and Family Violence Policy Change.

This article explores the influence of victim-survivors as change agents through the examination of the case of domestic and family violence advocate Rosie Batty. Utilizing public policy and criminological theories, and drawing from interviews with Batty and policy actors, the article examines the "Batty effect" and the convergence of factors that helped drive significant social and policy reforms in Australia. The article considers how Batty reflects characteristics of the policy entrepreneur and ideal victim, and how the sociopolitical context at the time provided the conditions for change.

Injury-Related Emergency Department Presentations Among Residential Aged Care Residents in Victoria, Australia.

Objective: This study aimed to quantify and describe the characteristics of emergency department (ED) injury presentations and subsequent hospital admissions among residents of residential aged-care facilities (RACFs) in Victoria, Australia between 2008 and 2018.

Methods: This study comprised a single jurisdiction population-based study of consecutive injury-related ED presentations of RACFs residents using the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD).

Results: The rate of ED injury presentations per 100,000 population decreased by .

Airway management in the adult patient with COVID-19: High flow nasal oxygen or not? A summary of evidence and local expert opinion.

The use of high flow nasal oxygen in the care of COVID-19-positive adult patients remains an area of contention. Early guidelines have discouraged the use of high flow nasal oxygen therapy in this setting due to the risk of viral spread to healthcare workers. However, there is the need to balance the relative risks of increased aerosol generation and virus transmission to healthcare workers against the role high flow nasal oxygen has in reducing hypoxaemia when managing the airway in high-risk patients during intubation or sedation procedures.

Primary Prostatic Carcinoma With De Novo Diffuse Neuroendocrine Differentiation.

The 2016 World Health Organization classification of prostate cancer with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation includes NE cells in usual prostate cancer, adenocarcinoma with Paneth cell-like NE differentiation, well-differentiated NE tumor (carcinoid), small cell NE carcinoma, and large cell NE carcinoma. In this article, we report a rare case of primary prostatic carcinoma with de novo diffuse NE differentiation presenting with bilateral hydronephrosis in a 79-year-old man. This case did not fit into any of the existing classifications.

Delayed leukoencephalopathy from suspected polymer embolism after neuroendovascular procedures.

As the neurointervention field grows, a new side effect emerges. Delayed leukoencephalopathy (DL) is believed to be an inflammatory or allergic reaction to polymer material that is shed from catheters during endovascular procedures. We present four cases of DL after aneurysm treatment in two patients, endovascular stroke treatment and diagnostic arteriography.

Transition from a renal paediatric clinic to an adult clinic: Perspectives of adolescents and young adults, parents and health professionals.

The management of chronic kidney disease is complex. With disease management being the responsibility of parents in the paediatric renal clinic, the responsibility is gradually shifted to adolescents and young adults during the transition to adult care. This multi-perspective qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of adolescents and young adults, their parents and health professionals to gain an insight into transitional care.

Detection and Identification of Strains in Mosquito Eggs Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy.

The global fight against mosquito-borne viral diseases has in recent years been bolstered by the introduction of the endosymbiotic bacteria to vector populations, which in host mosquitoes suppresses the transmissibility of several viruses. Researchers engaged on this front of the battle often need to know the infection status of individual mosquitoes, as the intervention progresses and the mosquitoes become established in the target population. Previously, we successfully applied attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to the detection of in adult mosquitoes; here we apply the same principles to eggs, with sensitivity and selectivity > 0.

Disposable Coverslip for Rapid Throughput Screening of Malaria Using Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy.

Malaria is considered to be one of the most catastrophic health issues in the whole world. Vibrational spectroscopy is a rapid, robust, label-free, inexpensive, highly sensitive, nonperturbative, and nondestructive technique with high diagnostic potential for the early detection of disease agents. In particular, the fingerprinting capability of attenuated total reflection spectroscopy is promising as a point-of-care diagnostic tool in resource-limited areas.

Infrared Spectroscopy of Blood.

The magnitude of infectious diseases in the twenty-first century created an urgent need for point-of-care diagnostics. Critical shortages in reagents and testing kits have had a large impact on the ability to test patients with a suspected parasitic, bacteria, fungal, and viral infections. New point-of-care tests need to be highly sensitive, specific, and easy to use and provide results in rapid time.

Physiotherapy: At what cost? Parents experience of performing chest physiotherapy for infants with cystic fibrosis.

Physiotherapy is one of the most burdensome aspects of cystic fibrosis (CF) care. Healthcare requirements for older children with CF are reported to impact parental quality of life and physiotherapy adherence. How parents of infants experience performing chest physiotherapy as a part of CF care is unknown.

Beyond crisis: Enacted sense-making among ethnic minority carers of people with dementia in Australia.

The 'family crisis' narrative is frequently used in dementia studies to explain ethnic minority families' pathways to health and aged care and why there is delayed dementia diagnoses in ethnic minority communities. Such narratives may obscure the family carers' agency in negotiating services and managing personal, social and structural burdens in the lead up to diagnosis. To illuminate agency, this article describes ethnic minority families' pathways to a dementia diagnosis using the concept of sense-making.

Caregivers' Dementia Knowledge and Care Approach in Residential Aged Care Facilities in China.

Objective: To investigate the dementia knowledge and care approach used by caregivers in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) in China.

Method: A cross-sectional survey of 785 caregivers from a random sample of 34 RACFs in China. Caregivers' knowledge and care approach were assessed using the Chinese version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool 2 and Advanced Dementia Care Questionnaire.

Cardiopulmonary Lesions in Sheep Produced by Experimental Acute Type D Enterotoxemia.

Enterotoxemia caused by type D is one of the most prevalent clostridial diseases of sheep. The lesions of the acute form of this disease, particularly the cerebral lesions, are well characterized; however, detailed descriptions of the cardiac and pulmonary lesions are lacking. Here we describe cardiopulmonary lesions in experimental acute type D enterotoxemia in sheep and determine the role of epsilon toxin (ETX) in the development of these lesions.

How COVID-19 Is Placing Vulnerable Children at Risk and Why We Need a Different Approach to Child Welfare.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brings new worries about the welfare of children, particularly those of families living in poverty and impacted other risk factors. These children will struggle more during the pandemic because of financial pressures and stress placed on parents, as well as their limited access to services and systems of support. In this commentary, we explain how current circumstances reinforce the need for systemic change within statutory child welfare systems and the benefits that would accrue by implementing a continuum of services that combine universal supports with early intervention strategies.

Musculoskeletal Pain Experienced on Most Days is a Common Accompaniment of Ageing amongst Community-Dwelling Older Australians: A Questionnaire-Based Study.

To describe the prevalence, location and impact of moderate to severe pain experienced on most days in community-dwelling older (≥70 years) adults who were ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) clinical trial participants. Cross-sectional ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP) data were collected from self-reported questionnaires administered to 16,439 ASPREE participants. Of 14,155 respondents, 41% of males ( = 2651/6475) and 50% of females ( = 3803/7680) reported experiencing pain on most days.

The predictors, barriers and facilitators to effective management of acute pain in children by emergency medical services: A systematic mixed studies review.

We aimed to identify predictors, barriers and facilitators to effective pre-hospital pain management in children. A segregated systematic mixed studies review was performed. We searched from inception to 30-June-2020: MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus.

Home-based or remote exercise testing in chronic respiratory disease, during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: A rapid review.

Objectives: To identify exercise tests that are suitable for home-based or remote administration in people with chronic lung disease.

Methods: Rapid review of studies that reported home-based or remote administration of an exercise test in people with chronic lung disease, and studies reporting their clinimetric (measurement) properties.

Results: 84 studies were included.