A simple mathematical model for electric cell-substrate impedance sensing with extended applications.

This paper presents a simple mathematical model to predict the impedance data acquired by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) at frequencies between 25 Hz and 60 kHz. With this model, the equivalent resistance (R) and capacitance (C) of biological samples adhered on gold surfaces could be more precisely measured at 4 kHz. ECIS applications were extended for real-time monitoring of living bacteria cultivated in Luria Bertani (LB) culture medium by two different approaches.