Association of structured continuum emission with dynamic aurora.

Patterns of ionospheric luminosity provide a unique window into our complex, coupled space environment. The aurora, for example, indicates plasma processes occurring thousands of km away, depositing immense amounts of energy into our polar ionospheres. Here we show observations of structured continuum emission associated with the dynamic aurora.

Synthesis, antioxidant and structural properties of modified ebselen derivatives and conjugates.

Ebselen is a drug in clinical trials for several diseases and degenerative conditions where oxidative stress is implicated. A series of novel ebselen analogues was synthesized, including hydroxy-, alkoxy- and aminomethylene derivatives, as well as hybrid species where the ebselen selenium atom is shared with other potent antioxidant structures, such as cyclic selenenyl sulfide, cyclic seleninate ester and spirodioxyselenurane moieties. Conjugates of ebselen with cholesterol, prednisolone and the radical inhibitor BHT were also prepared.

A gene desert required for regulatory control of pleiotropic Shox2 expression and embryonic survival.

Approximately a quarter of the human genome consists of gene deserts, large regions devoid of genes often located adjacent to developmental genes and thought to contribute to their regulation. However, defining the regulatory functions embedded within these deserts is challenging due to their large size. Here, we explore the cis-regulatory architecture of a gene desert flanking the Shox2 gene, which encodes a transcription factor indispensable for proximal limb, craniofacial, and cardiac pacemaker development.

Extracellular Vesicles Generated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Stirred Suspension Bioreactors Promote Angiogenesis in Human-Brain-Derived Endothelial Cells.

Interrupted blood flow in the brain due to ischemic injuries such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury results in irreversible brain damage, leading to cognitive impairment associated with inflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and cell death. Since the BBB only allows entry to a small class of drugs, many drugs used to treat ischemia in other tissues have failed in brain-related disorders. The administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has shown promise in improving the functional recovery of the brain following cerebral ischemia by inducing blood vessel formation.

Hydrobismuthation: Insertion of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons into the Heaviest Main Group Element Bond to Hydrogen.

The bismuth hydride (2,6-MesHC)BiH (, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), which has a Bi-H H NMR spectroscopic signal at δ = 19.64 ppm, was reacted with phenylacetylene at 60 °C in toluene to yield [(2,6-MesCH)BiC(Ph)=CH] () after 15 min. Compound was characterized by H, C NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray crystallography, and calculations employing density functional theory.

A series of perylene diimide cathode interlayer materials for green solvent processing in conventional organic photovoltaics.

Herein, we report on the design, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance of four new cathode interlayer (CIL) materials based on bay N-annulated perylene diimides. Starting from the previously reported N-annulated perylene diimide (PDIN-H), the N-position was functionalized with a benzyl and pentafluorobenzyl group to make PDIN-B and PDIN-FB, respectively. Similarly, starting from the previously reported cyanated N-annulated perylene diimide (CN-PDIN-H), the N-position was functionalized with a benzyl and pentafluorobenzyl group to make CN-PDIN-B and CN-PDIN-FB, respectively.

Measurement of Henry's law constants of ethyl nitrate in deionized water, synthetic sea salt solutions, and n-octanol.

Ethyl nitrate (EN; CHONO) is an important component of atmospheric "odd nitrogen" (NO) whose main source is marine emissions. To correctly describe its air-water transfer and model its global distribution, accurate values for its temperature- and salinity-dependent Henry's law solubility constants are needed. Here, we report Henry's law (H) constants for EN in deionized (DI) water, synthetic sea salt solutions (SSS), and n-octanol at temperatures between 278.

Synthesis of the Marine Alkaloid Cylindricine C and Serendipitous Synthesis of Its 2,13-Di- Stereoisomer.

A new approach to the marine alkaloid cylindricine C afforded its previously unreported (±)-2,13-di- stereoisomer as the major product along with a minor amount of the racemic parent alkaloid. Key steps included a stereoselective dianion alkylation of a monoester of 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and an annulation based on the tandem conjugate addition of a primary amine to an acetylenic sulfone, followed by intramolecular acylation of the resulting sulfone-stabilized carbanion. The -azadecalin moiety thus formed, comprising the cyclohexane A-ring and enaminone B-ring of the products, was further elaborated by the selenenyl chloride-induced cyclofunctionalization of a pendant butenyl substituent with the enaminone moiety, followed by a seleno-Pummerer reaction.

Physiological oxygen conditions enhance the angiogenic properties of extracellular vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Following an ischemic injury to the brain, the induction of angiogenesis is critical to neurological recovery. The angiogenic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been attributed at least in part to the actions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that they secrete. EVs are membrane-bound vesicles that contain various angiogenic biomolecules capable of eliciting therapeutic responses and are of relevance in cerebral applications due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

New Generation of Benzidine Wide-Gap Conjugated Materials: Solution Processing a Classic Evaporated Scaffold.

Carbazole- and fluorene-substituted benzidine blocks have been functionalized with two different solubilizing pendant groups, in order to enhance the material's solubility in greener solvents. Preserving the optical and electrochemical properties, the aromatic function and substitution showed an important influence on the solvent affinity, achieving concentrations up to 150 mg/mL in o-xylenes for the glycol-containing materials and decent solubility in alcohols for the compounds functionalized with ionic chains. The latter solution proved to be ideal for the preparation of luminescence slot-die coating film on top of flexible-substrates up to 33 cm×2 cm.

NbThermo: a new thermostability database for nanobodies.

We present NbThermo-a first-in-class database that collects melting temperatures (Tm), amino acid sequences and several other categories of useful data for hundreds of nanobodies (Nbs), compiled from an extensive literature search. This so-far unique database currently contains up-to-date, manually curated data for 564 Nbs. It represents a contribution to efforts aimed at developing new algorithms for reliable Tm prediction to assist Nb engineering for a wide range of applications of these unique biomolecules.

The influence of smoothing techniques on the accuracy of the reference finite helical axis when applied to 2D-3D registrations.

Highspeed Biplanar Videoradiography (HSBV) permits recording of 3D bone movements with sub-millimeter precision. 2D-3D registrations are performed to quantify bone movements, providing a series of affine transformation matrices (ATMs). These registrations may result in alignment errors that produce inaccurate kinematics.

Scalable Non-Halogenated Co-solvent System for Large-Area, Four-Layer Slot-Die-Coated Organic Photovoltaics.

Sustainable processing solvents, photoactive materials, and scalable manufacturing will play a key role in commercializing printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The record-breaking pioneering OPV reports have done an outstanding job in accelerating the discovery of champion photoactive materials and device engineering practices; however, these works predominantly involve health-hazardous halogenated processing solvents/additives and non-scalable thin-film coating methods. Herein, large-area slot-die-manufactured OPV cells from eco-friendly halogen-free solvents and synthetically scalable materials are showcased.

Correction: Zinc(II) hydration in aqueous solution. A Raman spectroscopic investigation and an molecular orbital study.

Correction for 'Zinc(II) hydration in aqueous solution. A Raman spectroscopic investigation and an molecular orbital study' by Wolfram W. Rudolph , , 1999, , 4583-4593, https://doi.

Electrocatalyst decomposition pathways: torsional strain in a second sphere proton relay shuts off CORR in a Re(2,2'-bipyridyl)(CO)X type electrocatalyst.

Group 7 tris(carbonyl) bipyridine complexes have been well explored as important CO reduction reaction (CORR) electrocatalysts and now represent an excellent platform for catalyst design. Recent synthetic focus has been on the installation of proton sources/relays within the primary/secondary coordination sphere. These proton sources have been implicated in directly assisting catalysis by acting as shuttles for proton transfer or through the stabilization of transition states through hydrogen bonding.

New Perylene Diimide Ink for Interlayer Formation in Air-Processed Conventional Organic Photovoltaic Devices.

Roll-to-roll coating of conventional organic photovoltaic architectures in air necessitates low work function, electron-harvesting interlayers as the top interface, termed cathode interlayers. Traditional materials based on metal oxides are often not compatible with coating in air and/or green solvents, require thermal annealing, and are limited in feasibility due to interactions with underlying layers. Alternatively, perylene diimide materials offer easily tunable redox properties, are amenable to air coating in green solvents, and are considered champion organic-based cathode interlayers.

Fabrication of Color Glass by Pearlescent Pigments and Dissolved EVA Film.

In this paper, we propose a single-layer thin-film color glass manufacturing process for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) with excellent aesthetics and high transmittance, through a solution process using pearlescent pigments. As a matrix for the color solution, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), which serves as an encapsulant and adhesive for the photovoltaic module (PV), was dissolved and used as a matrix for the color solution. The color glass produced is excellent in securing the aesthetics of buildings, has a high transmittance of 90% or more, outputs a maximum solar power generation efficiency of 91% from a solar cell, and can minimize the deterioration of power generation efficiency.

A Mesoionic Carbene-Pyridine Bidentate Ligand That Improves Stability in Electrocatalytic CO Reduction by a Molecular Manganese Catalyst.

Tricarbonyl Group 7 complexes have a longstanding history as efficacious CO electroreduction catalysts. Typically, these complexes feature an auxiliary 2,2'-bipyridine ligand that assists in redox steps by delocalizing the electron density into the ligand orbitals. While this feature lends to an accessible redox potential for CO electroreduction, it also presents challenges for electrocatalysis with Mn because the electron density is removed from metal-ligand bonding orbitals.

Fabrication of Color Glass with High Light Transmittance by Pearlescent Pigments and Optical Adhesive.

In this study, we propose a solution process for realizing colored glass for building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems by spin coating a color solution composed of pearlescent pigments mixed in a Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) matrix. Color solutions are made from mixing pearlescent pigments in NOA63. Compared to a physical vapor deposition process, color coatings are achieved by spin coating in a relatively simple and inexpensive process at room temperature.

Development of Tetrameric N-Annulated Perylene Diimides Using "Click" Chemistry.

Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of two novel N-annulated perylene diimide (NPDI) tetramer arrays that were developed using copper catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. Despite the optoelectronic properties of both tetramers being nearly identical, the two tetramers exhibited very different molecular geometries. The twisted spirobifluorene NPDI tetramer (sbfNPDI ) was found to have an extended and flexible geometry, while the planar pyrene NPDI tetramer (pyrNPDI ) exhibited a highly congested and conformationally locked geometry.

Psychometric analysis of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire in Pakistani pregnant women.

Background: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PRAQ) are frequently used perinatal mental health scales.

Objective: To identify the factor structure of the Urdu language versions of EPDS and PRAQ in 280 Pakistani pregnant women.

Method: The tools were administered at 12-19 weeks' and 22-29 weeks' gestational age (GA).

Experiences of Migrants Living with HIV from HIV-Endemic Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research Studies.

The aim of this qualitative systematic review was to explore the experiences of migrants living with HIV from HIV endemic sub-Saharan African countries who migrated to high-income countries. In this systematic review of qualitative research studies, we focused on the experiences of migrants living with HIV and the intersections between living with HIV, migration, settlement, culture, race relations, access to health services and HIV care, treatment, and support during migration and settlement in a new host country. We searched 12 electronic databases from database inception for English-language publications.

Promoting photocatalytic CO reduction through facile electronic modification of N-annulated perylene diimide rhenium bipyridine dyads.

The development of CO conversion catalysts has become paramount in the effort to close the carbon loop. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic CO reduction performance for a series of N-annulated perylene diimide (NPDI) tethered Re(bpy) supramolecular dyads [Re(bpy-C2-NPDI-R)], where R = -H, -Br, -CN, -NO, -OPh, -NH, or pyrrolidine (-NR). The optoelectronic properties of these Re(bpy-C2-NPDI-R) dyads were heavily influenced by the nature of the R-group, resulting in significant differences in photocatalytic CO reduction performance.

Green Solvent-Processible N-H-Functionalized Perylene Diimide Materials for Scalable Organic Photovoltaics.

The growing demand for organic electronic devices warrants further development of the scalability and green solvent processibility of π-conjugated materials. Perylene diimide (PDI)-based materials have shown impressive performance as interlayers for electronic devices due to a low energy and high charge mobility in films. The next step in the development of these materials is the transition toward scalable production and the fabrication of devices under ambient conditions.