Swin UNETR Segmentation with Automated Geometry Filtering for Biomechanical Modeling of Knee Joint Cartilage.

Purpose: Simulation studies, such as finite element (FE) modeling, offer insights into knee joint biomechanics, which may not be achieved through experimental methods without direct involvement of patients. While generic FE models have been used to predict tissue biomechanics, they overlook variations in population-specific geometry, loading, and material properties. In contrast, subject-specific models account for these factors, delivering enhanced predictive precision but requiring significant effort and time for development.

Photocatalytic asymmetric C-C coupling for CO reduction on dynamically reconstructed Ru-O/Ru-O sites.

Solar-driven CO reduction to value-added C chemicals is thermodynamically challenging due to multiple complicated steps. The design of active sites and structures for photocatalysts is necessary to improve solar energy efficiency. In this work, atomically dispersed Ru-O sites in RuInO are constructed by interior lattice anchoring of Ru.

Progress in understanding the infrared spectrum of the H2O-O2 dimer.

Spectra of the weakly bound H2O-O2 dimer are studied in the region of the H2O ν2 band using a tunable quantum cascade laser to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. These are the first gas-phase infrared spectra of H2O-O2 and among only a few such results for O2-containing complexes. Almost 100 infrared lines are assigned based on the ground state combination differences from the microwave spectrum of H2O-O2.

Association of structured continuum emission with dynamic aurora.

Patterns of ionospheric luminosity provide a unique window into our complex, coupled space environment. The aurora, for example, indicates plasma processes occurring thousands of km away, depositing immense amounts of energy into our polar ionospheres. Here we show observations of structured continuum emission associated with the dynamic aurora.

Nanoscale insight into the interaction mechanism underlying the transport of microplastics by bubbles in aqueous environment.

The ecological risk of microplastics (MPs) is raising concern about their transport and fate in aquatic ecosystems. The capture of MPs by bubbles is a ubiquitous natural phenomenon in water-based environment, which plays a critical role in the global cycling of MPs, thereby increasing their environmental threats. However, the nanoscale interaction mechanisms between bubbles and MPs underlying MPs transport by bubbles in complex environmental systems remain elusive.

Cutting-edge advances in strain and process engineering for boosting cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei.

Low-cost production of cellulases is a key factor in advancing the commercialization of lignocellulosic biorefinery. Thus far, Trichoderma reesei is the leading cellulase producer for biorefinery applications. Over 70 years of research, considerable advancements have been made in comprehending the mechanisms underlying cellulases biosynthesis and secretion in T.

A review: Breeding behavior and management strategies for improving reproductive efficiency in bulls.

This review focuses on bull breeding behaviors and management strategies to improve reproductive efficiency. Breeding soundness evaluations are utilized to classify a bull's physical ability and sperm quality, yet roughly 20 % of bulls fail to meet the minimum criteria. Furthermore, despite achieving the minimum criteria, few bulls in multi-sire breeding groups sire the majority of calves, indicating a need for better understanding of bull behavior that impact siring capacity, and thus, a bull's reproductive efficiency.

Metallic 1T Phase MoS Nanosheets Covalently Functionalized with BBD Molecules for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performances.

Metallic 1T phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS) is among the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors, but its capacitance and cyclability remain to be improved to meet the constantly increasing energy storage needs in portable electronics. In this study, we present a strategy, covalent functionalization, which achieves the improvement of capacitance of metallic 1T phase MoS. Covalently functionalized by the modifier 4-bromobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate, the metallic MoS membrane exhibits increased interlayer spacing, slightly curled layered architecture, enhanced charge transfer, and improved adsorption capabilities toward electrolyte molecules and ions.

Type I and Type II photosensitization of DNA etheno adducts.

Photophysical and photochemical studies were carried out to examine the photoreactivity of etheno adducts, 1,N-ethenoadenine (εdA) and 1,N-ethenoguanine (εdG), in the presence of two well-known photosensitizers acting by Type I and/or Type II mechanisms such as 4-carboxybenzophenone (CBP) and rose Bengal (RB), respectively. Steady-state photolysis experiments combined with HPLC and mass spectroscopy measurements lead to photoproducts that correspond to the repaired nucleosides. To determine the mechanism of this photooxidation processes, phosphorescence spectroscopy, direct detection of singlet oxygen luminescence and laser flash photolysis were carried out.

Studying Chinook salmon in northern river ecosystems through ecological methods and Indigenous, Teslin Tlingit knowledge.

In this study, we examined Pacific salmon decline and ecosystem function through Western science and Indigenous, Teslin Tlingit knowledge. We tested relationships of riparian tree growth and nitrogen composition at the limit of Pacific salmon distribution on the Teslin Tlingit Council (TTC) Traditional Territory in Southern Yukon, studied ecosystem roles of salmon and population declines in the area, and the interactions of these processes. Within sites, tree growth was positively related to salmon escapement at all salmon-bearing sites and not at the negative (salmon-free) control site.

Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Geometric and Conformation-Modulated Amphiphilic β-Cyclodextrin Liquid Crystals.

This study explores the liquid crystalline properties of novel amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin derivatives functionalized with seven oligoethylene glycol chains at the primary face, terminated with either an O-methyl or an O-cyanoethyl group, and fourteen hydrophobic aliphatic chains (elaidic or oleic acids) at the secondary face. These derivatives were designed to study the impact of chain conformation and terminal group polarity on their mesomorphic behavior. Thermal, microscopic, and X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the elaidic derivatives form columnar hexagonal mesophases, with the O-cyanoethyl derivative undergoing a slow, temperature-dependent transition to a bicontinuous cubic phase.

Biomarkers of Intestinal Permeability Are Influenced by Diet in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis-An Exploratory Study.

The disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier leads to increased intestinal permeability (IP), allowing endotoxins and pathogens to enter the bloodstream contributing to chronic inflammation. Western diets are associated with increased IP, while diets rich in polyphenols, fiber, and omega-3 fats are linked to decreased IP. The relationship between diet, disease activity, and IP in ulcerative colitis (UC) is poorly understood.

Petrographic and Molecular Characterization of Organic-Rich Mudstones with Petroleum Generative Potential from The Lower Triassic Montney Formation, Western Canada.

The Triassic Montney Formation hosts major oil and gas resources in Western Canada. Despite significant historical development of these resources, the origin of its hydrocarbons remains unclear, partly due to limited evidence of primary organic matter within the formation. Most of the hydrocarbons in the Triassic Montney Formation are trapped in low-permeability siltstone facies.

The contribution of nonmedical opioid use to healthcare encounters for opioid overdose and use disorders among long-term users with metastatic cancer.

Purpose: Opioid misuse is increasingly recognized as a relevant problem among patients with cancer. However, the applicability of these concerns for patients with metastatic disease is complicated by shorter prognoses and greater symptom burden. This study aimed to investigate whether nonmedical opioid use (NMOU) was identified as contributing to opioid-related healthcare encounters among patients with metastatic cancer receiving long-term prescribing.

Ecology and biogeochemistry of the microbial underworld in two sister soda lakes.

Background: Approximately 3.7 billion years ago, microbial life may have emerged in phosphate-rich salty ponds. Surprisingly, analogs of these environments are present in alkaline lake systems, recognized as highly productive biological ecosystems.

Educators' perceptions and experiences of online teaching to foster caring professions students' development of virtual caring skills: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study.

Background: Professionals in caring disciplines have been pivotal in advancing virtual care, which leverages remote technologies to deliver effective support and services from a distance. Educators in these caring professions are required to teach students the skills and competencies needed to provide high-quality and effective care and as virtual care becomes more integral, educators must equip students in these fields with both interpersonal and technological skills, bridging traditional hands-on learning with digital literacy. However, there is a gap in evidence exploring educators' perceptions and experiences of teaching caring professions students about virtual caring skills within online environments.

Retention behavior of Hg, MeHg, thimerosal and phenylmercuric acetate on a C RP-HPLC column.

Humans are exposed to potentially toxic mercuric mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) by the ingestion of food, to the bactericidal vaccine additive thimerosal (THI), and/or to the antifungal compound phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) which is used in some lens cleaning ophthalmic fluids. While numerous HPLC methods have been developed to separate Hg and MeHg in environmental samples (e.g.

The factor structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in stroke: A comparison with a non-stroke population.

Background: It is unclear if certain post-stroke somatic symptoms load onto items of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a self-report depression questionnaire. We investigated these concerns in a stroke sample using factor analysis, benchmarked against a non-stroke comparison group.

Methods: The secondary dataset constituted 787 stroke and 12,016 non-stroke participants.

A Review of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Rural, Remote, and Resource-Constrained Settings Internationally: Insights for Implementation, Research, and Policy for First Nations in Canada.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is regarded as a support tool for detecting and assessing the prevalence of infectious diseases at a population level. For rural, remote, and resource-constrained communities with little access to other public health monitoring tools, WBE can be a low-cost approach to filling gaps in population health knowledge to inform public health risk assessment and decision-making. This rapid review explores and discusses unique considerations of WBE in key settings, with a focus on the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has rapidly expanded WBE infrastructure globally.

Strain of the vertebral artery during passive neck movements and spinal manipulation of the cervical spine: An observational study.

Background: Neck pain is a common condition, and a frequent treatment is chiropractic cervical spinal manipulation therapy (cSMT). However, cervical spinal manipulations have been associated with excessive cervical artery elongations, allegedly causing arterial dissection leading to stroke.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to quantify the total vertebral artery elongations during cSMT, and secondarily, quantify the vertebral artery elongations during the pre-manipulative orientation of the head and neck and the subsequent elongations during the actual thrust.

Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Single Atoms, Dual Atoms, and Sub-Nanocluster Catalysts for Electrochemical CO Reduction (CORR) to High-Value Products.

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO) conversion into valuable chemicals paves the way for the realization of carbon recycling. Downsizing catalysts to single-atom catalysts (SACs), dual-atom catalysts (DACs), and sub-nanocluster catalysts (SNCCs) has generated highly active and selective CO transformation into highly reduced products. This is due to the introduction of numerous active sites, highly unsaturated coordination environments, efficient atom utilization, and confinement effect compared to their nanoparticle counterparts.