Investigation of Veterinary Student and Faculty Perspectives of Factors Affecting In-Person Lecture Attendance.

A proposal was submitted to our institution's curriculum committee to discontinue lecture livestreaming to increase attendance, and we performed a study to investigate factors affecting lecture attendance. In January 2022, the faculty and students were surveyed to explore their perspectives on the impact that student attendance has on both the student and faculty lecture experience. We included a subset of common questions to allow for comparison.

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Brain Surgery.

This study describes the essential components and the technique of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS), including probe selection and techniques used to produce quality images. Case examples are given to illustrate the value and the accuracy of IOUS in intracranial surgery of companion animals. IOUS has proven an invaluable addition to intracranial surgery, especially in real-time localization of the mass, identifying borders between mass and normal cerebral tissue, and identifying vascular supply to the mass.

Complications in Intracranial Surgery of Companion Animals.

The most common complications of intracranial surgery in companion animals chiefly consist of brain swelling, hemorrhage, seizures, and worsening of neurologic status, aspiration pneumonia, and anesthetic death. Further dividing these into intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative are more common. Preventative measures can include careful surgical planning, cerebro-protective anesthetic regimes, seizure prophylaxis, and postoperative sedation/pain management that allows for an early return to function and ambulation and an adequate and accelerated nutrition.

The Bull Breeding Soundness Examination and Its Application in the Production Setting.

breeding soundness for several reasons and at several times during their life span. These include before sale for the reason of affirming their sale ability or before a breeding season to determine their readiness for breeding. Bulls may also be evaluated for diagnostic purposes.

Caudal peduncle mineralized lesion resembling calcinosis circumscripta in a wels catfish Silurus glanis.

This report presents an intriguing case of a mineralized lesion resembling calcinosis circumscripta observed in the caudal peduncle of a wels catfish, housed in a public aquarium in northern Italy. The investigation encompasses a comprehensive analysis of various aspects, including clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, as well as gross and microscopic pathology, and immunohistochemistry. Histopathology, in particular, highlighted a severe focally extensive granulomatous reaction, confirmed by dense histiocytic inflammatory infiltrates and the massive presence of multinucleated foreign body type giant cells localized around lakes and aggregates of mineralized material.

The in silico identification of novel broad-spectrum antidotes for poisoning by organophosphate anticholinesterases.

Owing to their potential to cause serious adverse health effects, significant efforts have been made to develop antidotes for organophosphate (OP) anticholinesterases, such as nerve agents. To be optimally effective, antidotes must not only reactivate inhibited target enzymes, but also have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Progress has been made toward brain-penetrating acetylcholinesterase reactivators through the development of a new group of substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes.

The in silico identification of novel broad-spectrum antidotes for poisoning by organophosphate anticholinesterases.

Because of their potential to cause serious adverse health effects, significant efforts have been made to develop antidotes for organophosphate (OP) anticholinesterases, such as nerve agents. To be optimally effective, antidotes must not only reactivate inhibited target enzymes, but also have the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). Progress has been made toward brain-penetrating acetylcholinesterase reactivators through the development of a new group of substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes.

Future Directions for Ruminant Diagnostics.

Diagnostic advances such as next-generation sequencing, highly multiplexed real-time PCR tests, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry have provided a tremendous increase in the amount of diagnostic information to clinicians. However, interpretation and application of these results to both individual and herd-level diagnostics still require the necessary skills in critical thinking and diagnostic interpretation to maximize benefit. This article provides a summary of advancements in diagnostic medicine and interpretation, as well as identifies gaps in knowledge that can be targeted to continue to build on best practices and application of diagnostic tools to improve ruminant health.

Increase in serum nerve growth factor but not intervertebral disc degeneration following whole-body vibration in rats.

Background: Low back pain is a leading cause of disability and is frequently associated with whole-body vibration exposure in industrial workers and military personnel. While the pathophysiological mechanisms by which whole-body vibration causes low back pain have been studied in vivo, there is little data to inform low back pain diagnosis. Using a rat model of repetitive whole-body vibration followed by recovery, our objective was to determine the effects of vibration frequency on hind paw withdrawal threshold, circulating nerve growth factor concentration, and intervertebral disc degeneration.

Epidemiology's Adoption of System Dynamics is a Natural Extension of Population Thinking.

Epidemiologists have adopted systems thinking as an approach to understanding why health conditions occur in animal populations beyond the knowledge of simple linear relationships. Beef production systems are complex adaptive systems and decisions and policies throughout the system can positively or negatively affect the health of cattle. Those decisions may occur far removed in time or place from the health event and may be logical in the context of other factors in the system.

Updates in the Use of Antibiotics, Biofilms.

Guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics are evolving as new understanding of the mechanisms and development of antimicrobial resistance develops. The goals of antibiotic use are to follow the tenets of good antimicrobial stewardship while preventing or treating infection to reduce the risk of developing resistance in bacteria. Biofilm infections also infer microbial resistance and are the cause of recalcitrant infections in humans and animals.

EXPERIMENTAL ELUCIDATION OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF DREPANOCEPHALUS SPATHANS (DIGENEA: ECHINOSTOMATIDAE) WITH NOTES ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF D. SPATHANS IN THE UNITED STATES.

The echinostomatid Drepanocephalus spathans (syn. Drepanocephalus auritus) parasitizes the double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus. In North America, the marsh rams-horn snail Planorbella trivolvis and ghost rams-horn snail Biomphalaria havanensis serve as snail intermediate hosts, both of which inhabit catfish aquaculture ponds in the southeastern United States.

Effects of chlorpyrifos on non-cholinergic toxicity endpoints in immortalized and primary rat hepatocytes under normal and hepatosteatotic conditions.

Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is the most widely used organophosphate (OP) insecticide. Non-cholinergic targets of OPs include enzymes belonging to the serine hydrolase family. Carboxylesterases (Ces) are involved in detoxication of xenobiotics as well as lipid metabolism in the liver.

Corneal Surgery in the Cat: Diseases, considerations and techniques.

Practical Relevance: The ability to recognize, diagnose and treat corneal disease is essential for maintaining vision and comfort in feline patients. Being able to correctly identify appropriate techniques for surgical cases is of particular importance for success when performing corneal surgery.

Clinical Challenges: Many different corneal diseases present with similar clinical signs, and it can be hard to determine the appropriate treatment for individual patients.

Efficacy of hormone stimulation on sperm production in an alpine amphibian (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) and the impact of short-term storage on sperm quality.

The Southern Rocky Mountain boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) has disappeared from much of its range in the alpine regions of Central and Western North America, and restoration efforts are compromised by limited knowledge of this species' reproductive biology. This study aimed to establish whether assisted reproductive techniques could be used to improve breeding output in captive boreal toads by determining the most effective concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for induction of spermiation and viability of sperm during cold storage. Male toads (n = 21) were treated with a Low (3 IU g), Medium (10 IU g), or High (15 IU g) concentration of hCG and spermic urine samples were collected over 24 hrs.

Risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of death in beef calves 3 weeks of age to weaning and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in beef feeding and finishing systems. Each outbreak of respiratory disease is the result of the completion of a sufficient cause, which might have also included components of viral and bacterial pathogens, a certain state of immunity, or other component causes of respiratory disease in cattle that we fail to understand. Disease is expressed when a sufficient cause is completed.

Effects of the monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 on chickens infected with avian pathogenic O78: A preliminary pharmacokinetic and infection study.

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system modulates the degree of injury caused by inflammation, while enhancing the activity of phagocytes that promote resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. studies with the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor JZL184 have suggested that increased eCB signaling might enhance the ability of the host immune system to clear invading pathogens. Although the neurochemical effects of JZL184 on the eCB system in rodents are well-known, its immuneregulating effects are less clear, especially in chickens.

Proteomic analysis reveals the temperature-dependent presence of extracytoplasmic peptidases in the biofilm exoproteome of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e.

The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes resists environmental stresses by forming biofilms. Because this pathogen transmits between the environment and the host, it must adapt to temperature as an environmental stress. In this study, we aimed to identify which proteins were present depending on the temperature in the biofilms of L.

Ketoconazole-induced transient hypoadrenocorticism in a dog.

A 6-year-old, spayed female, mixed breed boxer dog was presented for decreased appetite, polyuria and polydipsia, and lethargy 9 days after treatment with ketoconazole for pododermatitis. Ketoconazoleinduced hypoadrenocorticism was confirmed with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, and ketoconazole was discontinued. Clinical signs resolved 48 hours after initiation of prednisone, and resolution of glucocorticoid insufficiency was confirmed with a repeat ACTH stimulation test 48 hours after a 10-day course of prednisone.

The Science of Transitional States of Consciousness and Euthanasia.

The science of transitional states of consciousness is reviewed. Despite intensive study, determining the subjective experience of animals during transitional states of consciousness remains inherently limited. Until better assessment tools become available, behavior-based observations, such as loss of righting reflex/loss of posture, remain among our most useful guides to the onset of unconsciousness in animals.

Alterations in macrophage phagocytosis and inflammatory tone following exposure to the organochlorine compounds oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor.

The role of macrophages in the innate immune response cannot be underscored however recent studies have demonstrated that both resident and recruited macrophages have critical roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction. Given the recent data implicating exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the current study was designed to examine the effects of the highly implicated organochlorine (OC) compounds oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor on overall macrophage function. Murine J774A.

Prevalence of endoparasites in northern Mississippi shelter cats.

Parasitism of domestic cats impacts feline health and public health, when zoonotic parasites are present. Our objective was to evaluate endoparasite prevalence in cats from northern Mississippi animal shelters. Feline cadavers (n = 56) were collected from seven shelters from August 2017 to January 2018.

Pathology associated with Odhneriotrema incommodum infection in wild-caught American alligators Alligator mississippiensis and assessment of potential first intermediate snail hosts.

Aims: To assess pathological changes associated with natural infections of the trematode Odhneriotrema incommodum in wild-caught American alligators Alligator mississippiensis and assess potential first intermediate hosts.

Materials And Methods: Tongues from two wild-caught alligators were obtained from a commercial alligator processor in Port Gibson, Mississippi, USA. Tongues were subjected to gross parasitological examination and routine histological assessment.

Herd Immunity.

Herd immunity is an important concept of epidemic theory regarding the population-level effect of individual immunity to prevent transmission of pathogens. Herd immunity exists when sufficient numbers of animals in a group or population have immunity against an agent such that the likelihood of an effective contact between diseased and susceptible individuals is reduced. Understanding herd immunity requires consideration of infection dynamics, modes of transmission, as well as the acquisition of immunity by individuals in the population.