44 results match your criteria: "2331University of North Carolina[Affiliation]"
World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg
November 2022
609772Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Trop Doct
January 2023
Department of Surgery, 2331University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
District hospitals (DHs) care for the majority of surgical patients in Malawi, but data on district hospital surgical capacity are limited. We sought to evaluate the management and outcomes of surgical patients presenting to Salima District Hospital (SDH) in Malawi. Using the SDH surgery registry, we compared patients managed operatively and those non-operatively and performed logistic regression to identify factors associated with operative management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrop Doct
January 2023
Department of Surgery, 2331University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Patients experience delays in emergency surgical care. Our 3-month mixed-methods observational prospective study examined the duration of in-hospital delays (IHDs) to emergency surgery at a tertiary hospital in Malawi and perceived reasons for such delay, assessing the correlation between surgery and anesthesia. Delays over two hours occurred in the majority, and almost 20% waited over twelve hours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Interpers Violence
January 2023
Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 1242Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Adolescent sexual violence (SV), which includes non-contact verbal sexual harassment (SH) and forced sexual contact (FSC), is a significant public health problem with long-term impacts on health and well-being. Understanding how sports participation is linked to SV can inform prevention efforts; however, the current literature is unclear about the nature of this association. Using data from 20 high schools, we investigate whether athletes in certain sports are at higher risk of SH and FSC perpetration than either other athletes or sports non-participants, and whether the risk is moderated by gender, dismissiveness of SV, or substance use intentions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Interpers Violence
May 2022
School of Social Work, 2954Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
The current study, grounded in a social learning theoretical framework, examined attitudes and behaviors associated with verbal and physical teen dating violence (TDV) victimization. Because TDV varies by gender in both frequency and severity, these associations were examined first within the overall sample, and then by gender to further investigate these differences. A total of 1,884 adolescents (49.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Interpers Violence
May 2022
Department of Psychology, 12292University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
As studies have documented, children and adolescents who are identified as bullies, bully victims, or both are at an elevated risk of being involved in other forms of violence, for example, dating violence and sexual violence. Moreover, those who are exposed to violence (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSexual violence (SV) among adolescents continues to be a major public health concern with numerous consequences. Research, predominantly with male collegiate samples, has suggested an association between sports participation and SV perpetration, and has included other important risk factors such as substance use and attitudes. However, more research is needed in this area among adolescents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Interpers Violence
May 2022
Graduate School of Social Work, 2927Univesity of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
Emerging adulthood (EA) is a time of self-exploration as new opportunities for independence and autonomy arise. Yet, for some youth, this may also contribute to instability, uncertainty, and anxiety. Consequently, evidence suggests that rates of exposure to various forms of violence increase in EA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViolence Against Women
July 2022
Bureau of Justice Statistics, 8266Department of Justice, Washington, USA.
Self-reported survey data on the extent and nature of rape and sexual assault experienced by a population represent an important source of information because these crimes often go unreported, and are thus undercounted in law enforcement or other official statistics. This article compares Campus Climate Survey Validation Study (CCSVS) data to Clery Act data in an effort to (1) assess the validity of the CCSVS data the Clery Act data based on the extent to which they corroborate one another, and (2) estimate the extent to which Clery Act data potentially underestimate the true incidence of rape. The results help to establish the extent to which self-report surveys on sexual victimization are needed to understand the magnitude of the problem among a given population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Health Promot
June 2022
Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 2331University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Purpose: The purpose is to examine predictors of intervention non-compliance and develop a risk stratification score.
Design: Prospective cohort.
Setting: Early care and education (ECE).
The purpose of this study was to characterize trauma exposure and mental health burden among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants comprise 100 HIV-positive and 98 high-risk, HIV-negative MSM, ranging from 18 to 29 years of age. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Traumatic Events Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and PTSD Symptom Scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Sch Nurs
February 2023
College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, RI, USA.
Asthma is one of the most common pediatric chronic physical conditions. Youth with comorbid asthma and anxiety/depressive symptoms tend to have less controlled asthma and an increased use of health services in schools. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine the literature on educational and behavioral/ cognitive behavioral skills interventions for children with asthma and anxiety/depressive symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J STD AIDS
February 2022
Center for Research and Training on HIV/AIDS, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Background: HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have disproportionately affected communities of men who have sex with men (MSM). We describe HIV and STI prevalence and testing patterns among urban Vietnamese MSM.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study of MSM in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2016.
Stat Methods Med Res
December 2021
Department of Population Health Sciences, 3065Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
The use of patient-reported outcomes measures is gaining popularity in clinical trials for comparing patient groups. Such comparisons typically focus on the differences in group means and are carried out using either a traditional sum-score-based approach or item response theory (IRT)-based approaches. Several simulation studies have evaluated different group mean comparison approaches in the past, but the performance of these approaches remained unknown under certain uninvestigated conditions (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Child Health Care
December 2022
Pediatric Weight Management Program, 10848WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Childhood obesity is a major public health concern. However, predictors of successful outcomes for patients treated at multidisciplinary community hospital-based pediatric weight management programs remain poorly understood. We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate 633 pediatric patients from ages 2 to 18 at a tertiary pediatric weight management program in 2018.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild Maltreat
May 2022
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, 2331University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Prior research has identified common injuries among children who experience child maltreatment; however, most of this work has focused on inpatient settings and has excluded many cases of neglect. This study examines the prevalence of injuries that occur prior to a diagnosis of child maltreatment, as well as the proportion of children with well-child visits prior to the injury and child maltreatment diagnosis. Based on a secondary analysis of Medicaid data from four states, we found that among infants with 12 months of continuous enrollment ( = 4817), 30.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolicy Polit Nurs Pract
November 2021
School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
As the U.S. population ages and the demand for long-term care increases, an insufficient number of licensed practical nurses (LPNs) is expected in the nursing workforce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Aging Health
January 2022
5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
The prevalence of dementia has declined in the United States; how this parallels to changes in incidence and mortality, and how improvements in educational attainment may have influences these trends, is not known. Using the Health and Retirement Study (2000-2016), we estimated logistic regression models to examine trends in dementia prevalence and incidence, and mortality for those with and without dementia. The relative decline was about 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther
November 2021
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 2331University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been labeled as "bad" cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as "good" cholesterol. The prevailing hypothesis is that lowering blood cholesterol levels, especially LDL-C, reduces vascular deposition and retention of cholesterol or apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins which are atherogenic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Pract
February 2023
Division of General and Acute Surgery, 2331University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Background: Anticoagulation monitoring practices vary during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization describes that a multimodal approach is needed to overcome assay limitations and minimize complications.
Objective: Compare activated clotting time (ACT) versus multimodal approach (activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)/anti-factor Xa) for unfractionated heparin (UFH) monitoring in adult ECMO patients.
Prog Transplant
June 2021
Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 22957Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Introduction: Living donor transplantation of kidneys accounts for one quarter of transplants performed in the United States. Careful screening of psychiatric history is a standard part of the donor evaluation. Little is known about the impact of psychiatric history on post-donation course and pain experience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrauma Violence Abuse
December 2022
School of Social Work, 2331University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Health and human service providers who aid traumatized individuals frequently experience vicarious trauma (VT). Although VT plays a critical role in service providers' mental health and well-being, as well as in the quality of their service provision, little information is available concerning the development and implementation of VT interventions for service providers. To advance the development of evidence in this area, we undertook a scoping review in which we reviewed existing interventions intended to address VT among service providers working with traumatized clients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCephalalgia
June 2021
Center for Pain Research and Innovation, Adams School of Dentistry, 2331University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Introduction: The migraine-preventive drug propranolol is efficacious in reducing pain from temporomandibular disorder, suggesting potential modifying or mediating effects of comorbid migraine.
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients were treated with propranolol or placebo for 9 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in a facial pain index derived from daily symptom diaries.
Given the dearth of regulatory guidance and empirical research on practices of providing payments to research participants, our study aimed to examine whether there were significant differences in payment amounts between sociobehavioral and biomedical studies and to examine study factors that may explain payment differences. This study reviewed 100 sociobehavioral and 31 biomedical protocols. Results showed that both biomedical studies and sociobehavioral studies had a wide variation of payments and, on average, the biomedical studies paid significantly more.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Control
September 2021
Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, 12501Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Introduction: Uptake of cervical cancer screening services in Chinese migrant workers is unknown and may be lower than non-migrant workers in China.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among migrant and non-migrant women aged 21-65 at 7 provinces across China and administered a questionnaire investigating knowledge and attitudes regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccine. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate odds of previous cervical cancer screening in migrant workers.