Barriers to uptake of PrEP across the continuum among transgender women: A global scoping review.

Background: Although preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated high efficacy for HIV prevention, rates of PrEP uptake remain low among the transgender population, especially in transgender women (TGW). We conducted this scoping review to assess and characterize barriers to PrEP use along the PrEP care continuum among TGW.

Methods: We conducted this scoping review by searching studies in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Late Diagnosis of Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma Originating in the Ureter.

This case report highlights a patient with a leiomyosarcoma originating in the ureter. A chart review was performed on a single patient who presented with a malignant retroperitoneal mass measuring 11.5 × 8.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Chest Wall Following Mastectomy for Breast Cancer.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign proliferative histiocytic disorder generally affecting the cervical lymph nodes as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. We present a unique case of multifocal soft tissue RDD originating from previous mastectomy site and retroperitoneum. The patient is a 62-year-old African American female with a prior history of bilateral breast invasive ductal adenocarcinoma.

Multiple Intraabdominal and Pelvic Cystadenomas From Ovarian Remnant Syndrome.

Serous cystadenomas are benign epithelial neoplasms of the ovary, and they typically have an average size of around 10 cm. Our patient is a 68-year-old female who originally presented with abdominal page. Our patient's prior surgical history includes a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

Poorly Differentiated Metastatic Carcinoma of Possible Eccrine Sweat Gland Origin.

Sweat gland carcinomas are a rare group of cancer, representing less than .01% of all diagnosed skin malignancies. We report the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with a fungating lesion on the posterolateral side of his left knee.

Robot-Assisted Right Colectomy with Sequential Wedge Resection of Segments 4 and 5 of The Liver and Cholecystectomy for Colon Cancer with Metastasis to The Liver.

The liver is the most common place for colon adenocarcinoma metastasis because of portal circulation. The surgical intervention for patients with colon adenocarcinoma with synchronous metastasis to the liver has been debated. Studies have shown that the simultaneous resection of a colorectal adenocarcinoma with a liver metastasis has similar outcomes compared to the traditional staged approach when looking at morbidity, mortality, and long-term oncologic effects.

Traumatic Spigelian Hernia in a Pediatric Patient Following a Bicycle Injury.

Blunt abdominal trauma due to bicycle accident is a common occurrence in the pediatric population; however, traumatic abdominal wall hernia as the result of blunt trauma is a rare presentation. Abdominal wall injuries can be isolated or associated with multiple intra-abdominal pathologies. A high index of suspicion is essential for prompt intervention, especially when there is concurrent intra-abdominal pathology.

Left-Sided Amyand Hernia.

An Amyand's hernia is defined by the presence of the vermiform appendix in the inguinal hernia sac. Most cases of Amyand's hernia are incidentally diagnosed intraoperatively while surgically reducing a right inguinal hernia. Right-sided Amyand's hernias are more common than left-sided Amyand's hernias for two reasons: the appendix is naturally located on the right side and right inguinal hernias are more common.

Health Profile of Preterm Males With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

In this retrospective cohort study, we characterize the health profile of preterm males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Major clinical milestones (ambulation cessation, assisted ventilation use, and onset of left ventricular dysfunction) and corticosteroids use in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy identified through a population-based surveillance system were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards modeling. The adjusted risk of receiving any respiratory intervention among preterm males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was 87% higher than among the corresponding full-term males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Closed Gastroschisis: A Rare Abdominal Wall Defect.

Gastroschisis is a rare congenital abdominal wall defect characterized by intestinal evisceration to the right of the umbilical stalk. In less than 6% of cases, the fascial defect closes around the herniated viscera in utero. The mechanism of fascial closure in these cases is unknown; however, the tourniquet effect on the mesenteric vasculature is thought to lead to intestinal atresia and midgut infarction.

Manipulating the solution environment to control the surface roughness of elastin-based polymer coatings.

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) have been used as a genetically-engineered, biocompatible substitute for elastin. Cell culture coatings prepared using ELP conjugated to low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI) entices cells to form three-dimensional cellular aggregates that mimic their counterparts. This study seeks to control the deposition of the ELP and ELP-PEI molecules to control the roughness of the final coatings.

Use of GlideScope in Patients Undergoing NIM Thyroidectomy.

Objectives: Thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy using the nerve integrity monitor (NIM) require proper placement of the endotracheal tube with electrodes aligned correctly within the larynx. The purpose of this study is to determine the percentage of patients who require positional adjustments of the endotracheal tube prior to beginning surgery and to understand the value of using the GlideScope to assure proper NIM tube placement within the larynx.

Methods: This prospective study examines operative data from 297 patients who underwent NIM thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.

Regional heterogeneity in rat Peyer's patches through whole transcriptome analysis.

Peyer's patches are gut-associated lymphoid tissue located throughout the intestinal wall. Peyer's patches consist of highly organized ovoid-shaped follicles, classified as non-encapsulated lymphatic tissues, populated with B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells and function as an organism's intestinal surveillance. Limited work compares the gene profiles of Peyer's patches derived from different intestinal regions.

Concomitant Aortic Root Replacement With Anterior Konno Annular Enlargement.

The need for concomitant aortic annular enlargement and aortic root replacement may be necessary in situations of multilevel left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and/or prior aortic or aortic valve surgery, particularly in the setting of congenital heart disease. It can be extremely tedious and fraught with numerous complications. Major challenges include bleeding in difficult-to-reach areas and the potential need for subsequent operations.