An exploratory study of household conditions and youth personal exposure to extreme heat during a heatwave in urban Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Extreme heat is the deadliest meteorological hazard and is increasingly affecting the southeastern United States. Health effects of extreme heat are often not felt for hours or days after exposure and disproportionately affect vulnerable populations (e.g.

Working environment for historically marginalized faculty, administrators, and librarians in pharmacy education.

Introduction: Promoting diversity among faculty, administrators, and librarians in schools and colleges of pharmacy (SCOP) would be beneficial for the recruitment and retention of students from diverse backgrounds. Graduating such diverse pharmacists could assist in reducing healthcare disparities. Promoting diversity requires a climate that is inclusive of people from all backgrounds.

"I enjoy the good foods, all of which are not good for me." The categorization and moralization of food.

Intuitive eating emphasizes eating in response to physiological cues of hunger and satiety and is associated with multiple positive health outcomes. Unconditional permission to eat (UPE), a domain of intuitive eating, encourages removing food classifications and permission to eat all foods. However, the categorization of food is described as a method to simplify decision making and moralization of foods can help prioritize food items in consumption.

Links between personality traits and problem-solving performance in zebra finches ().

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time or contexts (i.e. personality types) have been found in many species and have implications for fitness.

Traffic noise inhibits cognitive performance in a songbird.

Noise pollution is commonly associated with human environments and mounting evidence indicates that noise has a variety of negative effects on wildlife. Noise has also been linked to cognitive impairment in humans and because many animals use cognitively intensive processes to overcome environmental challenges, noise pollution has the potential to interfere with cognitive function in animals living in urban areas or near roads. We experimentally examined how road traffic noise impacts avian cognitive performance by testing adult zebra finches () on a battery of foraging tasks in the presence or absence of traffic noise playback.

Lifetime Alcohol Use Influences the Association Between Future-Oriented Thought and White Matter Microstructure in Adolescents.

Aims: Future orientation, or the ability to plan ahead and anticipate consequences, is a capacity that develops during adolescence, yet its underlying neurobiology is unknown. Previous independent reports suggest that reduced future orientation and altered white matter microstructure are associated with greater alcohol use in adolescents; however, these effects have not been studied in conjunction. This study investigated the association between future orientation and white matter microstructure as a function of lifetime alcohol use.

Survey of Phthalate Mitigation and Distribution in Water, Sediment, and Typha in a Fully Operational Constructed Wetland: A Pilot Study.

Wastewater treatment plants (WTTPs) contribute to anthropogenic chemical contamination through the release of treated effluent. A constructed wetland (CW) interfaced with a WTTP could potentially purify and naturalize effluent water. This pilot study aimed to acquire baseline chemical data on the fate and distribution of phthalates in the water, sediment, and vegetation (Typha spp.

Nuthatches vary their alarm calls based upon the source of the eavesdropped signals.

Animal alarm calls can contain detailed information about a predator's threat, and heterospecific eavesdropping on these signals creates vast communication networks. While eavesdropping is common, this indirect public information is often less reliable than direct predator observations. Red-breasted nuthatches (Sitta canadensis) eavesdrop on chickadee mobbing calls and vary their behaviour depending on the threat encoded in those calls.

Acoustic characteristics of Arabic pharyngealized obstruents in children with cochlear implants.

Speech production of children with cochlear implants (CIs) is generally characterized by low intelligibility and reduced phoneme accuracy. However, limited research investigated their speech production using acoustic measures. The current study examined voice onset time (VOT) for pharyngealized plosives [t,d], and spectral moments and noise duration for pharyngealized fricatives [s,ð] produced by Arabic speaking children with CIs.

Internet networks as a source of social support for women with mobility disabilities during pregnancy.

Background: Social support during pregnancy is important for the health of mother and baby, yet little is known about social support available to women with disabilities during pregnancy. Internet social networks are one emerging source of social support, and social networks may help connect mothers with similar disabilities.

Objective: To examine the perceptions of women with mobility impairments about social support received during pregnancy from three sources: women with similar disabilities and previous pregnancy known in-person, women with similar disabilities and previous pregnancy met via online social networks, and healthcare providers.

Mobbing.

Carlson and colleagues introduce mobbing an anti-predator behaviour found in many animals.

Study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of mindfulness training to reduce burnout and promote quality of life in police officers: the POLICE study.

Background: Police officers experience a high degree of chronic stress. Policing ranks among the highest professions in terms of disease and accident rates. Mental health is particularly impacted, evidenced by elevated rates of burnout, anxiety and depression, and poorer quality of life than the general public.

Polyphenols reported to shift APAP-induced changes in MAPK signaling and toxicity outcomes.

Due to its widespread availability, acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading cause for drug-induced liver injury in many countries including United States and United Kingdom. When used as recommended, APAP is relatively safe. However, in overdose cases, increased metabolism of APAP to N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), a reactive metabolite, leads to glutathione (GSH) depletion, oxidative stress, and cellular injury.

Sparrowhawk movement, calling, and presence of dead conspecifics differentially impact blue tit () vocal and behavioral mobbing responses.

Abstract: Many animals alter their anti-predator behavior in accordance to the threat level of a predator. While much research has examined variation in mobbing responses to different predators, few studies have investigated how anti-predator behavior is affected by changes in a predator's own state or behavior. We examined the effect of sparrowhawk () behavior on the mobbing response of wild blue tits () using robotic taxidermy sparrowhawks.

The Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale: A factorial analysis of validity and reliability for its use on adult Chinese male weightlifters.

Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is the distorted perception of men's own muscle appearance. The increasing popularity of weightlifting in Chinese men suggests the presence of MD. The study assessed the validity and reliability of the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) for its use on adult Chinese males.

Organochlorine contaminants in blubber from stranded marine mammals collected from the Northern Oregon and Southern Washington coasts: implications for re-introducing California Condors, Gymnogyps californianus, in Oregon.

Re-introduction of California Condors into Oregon is currently being considered, but there are concerns about the safety of potential food sources of this species. Condors are opportunistic feeders and a largely available food source for this species will be stranded marine mammal carcasses. We analyzed 37 blubber samples from 7 different marine mammal species collected from the Oregon and Southern Washington coasts for 18 organochlorine (OC) pesticides and 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Chiari I malformation presenting as downbeat nystagmus: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Introduction: Chiari I malformation is a congenital, neurological condition that is characterized by defects of the skull base resulting in herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal. Because the condition can result in visual symptoms, patients will often search for answers from their eye care providers;

Case Report: A 28-year-old Hispanic diabetic male with a 10-year history of nystagmus was referred to the neuro-ophthalmic disease clinic following the initiation of oscillopsia 1 year previous. Downbeat nystagmus, which worsened in right and down gaze, was evident.

Effects of ocular transverse chromatic aberration on peripheral word identification.

Transverse chromatic aberration (TCA) smears the retinal image of peripheral stimuli. We previously found that TCA significantly reduces the ability to recognize letters presented in the near fovea by degrading image quality and exacerbating crowding effect from adjacent letters. The present study examined whether TCA has a significant effect on near foveal and peripheral word identification, and whether within-word orthographic facilitation interacts with TCA effect to affect word identification.

Sleep deprivation does not mimic alcohol intoxication on field sobriety testing.

Previous research shows that sleep deprivation (SD) produces cognitive impairment similar to that caused by alcohol intoxication. Individual studies suggest that SD also causes deficits in motor skills that could be mistaken for intoxication. Consequently, SD often is used as a defense when an impaired driver is charged with driving while intoxicated.

Leaf herbivory and drought stress affect floral attractive and defensive traits in Nicotiana quadrivalvis.

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity allows sessile organisms such as plants to match trait expression to the particular environment they experience. Plasticity may be limited, however, by resources in the environment, by responses to prior environmental cues, or by previous interactions with other species, such as competition or herbivory. Thus, understanding the expression of plastic traits and their effects on plant performance requires evaluating trait expression in complex environments, rather than across levels of a single variable.

Using blood plasma for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, from the lower Columbia River.

Organochlorine (OC) pesticide concentrations in blood plasma samples from 88 juvenile white sturgeon collected from the lower Columbia River were measured and compared to plasma sex steroid and OC tissue levels previously measured in corresponding fish. Significant squared correlation coefficients between summation operator DDT concentrations in sturgeon plasma and gonads and livers were 0.37 and 0.

Change in visual acuity status of patients served by a humanitarian vision clinic in Mexico.

Background: The purpose of this study was to quantify the outcome from a humanitarian eye care clinic providing refractive correction.

Methods: Entering versus exiting binocular visual acuities at distance and near were measured to evaluate the overall change in the prevalence of visual impairment (20/70 to 20/180) and blindness (20/200 or worse) in 882 patients ages 8 to 89 (mean age 49) in San Blas, Mexico.

Results: A total of 413 distance spectacle corrections and 670 near corrections were dispensed within the study sample of 813 subjects.

Fixation disparity analysis: sensory and motor approaches.

Purpose: Fixation disparity measurement as a tool for analyzing the binocular visual system has taken very different approaches in the United States and Central Europe. In the United States, testing has primarily followed a motor approach, and resulting management has followed parameters established by graphical analysis closely. In German-speaking countries, a strong sensory-based analysis has been popular for decades, utilizing equipment rarely seen in the United States.