Hepatitis B Virus Knowledge and HBV-Related Surveillance Status Among HBsAg-Positive Patients in Qidong City: A Rural-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate hepatitis B knowledge and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related surveillance status among HBsAg-positive patients, as well as to further explore the relevant influencing factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the HBsAg-positive patients from 8 October 2023 to 10 November 2023 in Qidong City. A self-report questionnaire was developed based on a literature review of similar studies.

A Review on Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase (BCAT) Inhibitors: Current Status, Challenges and Perspectives.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids for humans and play an indispensable role in many physiological and pathological processes. Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of BCAAs. BCAT is upregulated in many cancers and implicated in the development and progress of some other diseases, such as metabolic and neurological diseases; and therefore, targeting BCAT might be a potential therapeutic approach for these diseases.

Zebrafish as a Visible Neuroinflammation Model for Evaluating the Anti-Inflammation Effect of Curcumin-Loaded Ferritin Nanoparticles.

It is crucial to inhibit the neuroinflammation response as it is a prominent factor contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the limited development of neuroinflammation models dramatically hinders the efficiency of nanomedicine discovery. In recent years, the optically transparent zebrafish model provided unique advantages for imaging of the whole body, allowing the progression of the disease to be visualized.

2-Acylpyrrole-based alkaloids from the leaves of Sauropus spatulifolius and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

Pyrrole alkaloids are a class of natural products with intriguing structures and promising biological actives. Within the Sauropus plants, these alkaloids are mainly present in Sauropus spatulifolius. An investigation of the leaves of S.

Discovery of Potent, Highly Selective, and Orally Bioavailable MTA Cooperative PRMT5 Inhibitors with Robust Antitumor Activity.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which catalyzes the symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on target proteins, plays a critical role in gene expression regulation, RNA processing, and signal transduction. Aberrant PRMT5 activity has been implicated in cancers and other diseases, making it a potential therapeutic target. Here, we report the discovery of a methylthioadenosine (MTA) cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor.

Structural Similarity in Natural Products Leading to Sample Misidentification: A Case Study of the Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Oxyacanthine and Berbamine.

The similar structures of natural compounds and the absence of NMR data for commercial products raise the risk of misidentification. This work reports a case in which purchased samples labeled as "berbamine" from 14 suppliers are oxyacanthine (). The NMR data of all purchased samples were consistent.

Modified Taohong Siwu Decoction Improved Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction by Activating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

Introduction: Taohong Siwu decoction (THSWD), a traditional prescription for enhancing blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis, primarily comprises peach kernel, safflower, angelica, chuanxiong, and rehmannia. Modified Taohong Siwu decoction (MTHSWD), an advanced version of THSWD, incorporates additional ingredients such as epimedium, cinnamon, and salvia miltiorrhiza. This addition serves to augment its efficacy in warming yang and promoting blood circulation.

[Research advances on the structure, function, and related diseases of TREK-1 potassium channels].

Two-pore-domain potassium channels (K2P) family is widely expressed in many human cell types and organs, which has important regulatory effect on physiological processes. K2P is sensitive to a variety of chemical and physical stimuli, and they have also been critically implicated in transmission of neural signal, ion homeostasis, cell development and death, and synaptic plasticity. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of K2P channels are involved in a range of diseases, including autoimmune, central nervous system, cardiovascular disease and others.

Compound 38, a novel potent and selective antagonist of adenosine A receptor, enhances arousal in mice.

Adenosine A receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of sleep-wake behaviors. We previously reported an AR selective antagonist compound 38 with an IC value of 29.0 nM.

Gentiopicroside ameliorates psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice via regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting keratinocyte activation.

Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic immune-mediated skin disease. Although many new strategies for psoriasis treatment have been developed, there is great need in clinic for treating psoriasis. Gentiopicroside (GPS), derived from Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa, has multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and antiviral activities.

A smart responsive NIR-operated chitosan-based nanoswitch to induce cascade immunogenic tumor ferroptosis via cytokine storm.

In this work we present a near-infrared (NIR)-operated nanoswitch based on chitosan nanoparticles (EpCAM-CS-co-PNVCL@IR780/IMQ NPs) that induces cascade immunogenic tumor ferroptosis via cytokine storm. The formulation was prepared by loading a photosensitiser (IR780) and an immunotherapeutic drug (imiquimod; IMQ) into temperature- and pH-responsive chitosan-based NPs functionalized with tumor-targeting aptamers. The EpCAM aptamer can chaperone the NPs selectively into cancer cells, and allow them to enter the cell nucleus.

Heteroarchitectural Gas Diffusion Layer Promotes CO Reduction Coupled with Biomass Oxidation at Ampere-Level Current Density.

Achieving high product selectivity at ampere-level current densities is essential for the industrial application of electrochemical CO reduction. However, the operational stability of CO electrolyzers at large current density has long been hindered by flooding of gas diffusion layer (GDL). Herein, a new heteroarchitectural GDL is designed to overcome flooding.

Strategy of employing plug-and-play vectors and LC-MS screening to facilitate the discovery of natural products using Aspergillus oryzae.

Aspergillus oryzae is a widely used host for heterologous expression of fungal natural products. However, the vectors previously developed are not convenient for use and screening positive transformants by PCR and fermentation is time- and effort-consuming. Hence, three plug-and-play vectors were developed here for multi-gene expression and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry detection was introduced to screen positive transformants.

Intravenous lidocaine decreased the incidence of SRAEs for ERCP procedures in elderly frailty patients, a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Elderly frailty patients are at particular risk of sedation-related adverse events (SRAEs) during sedation. This study aimed to assess whether intravenous lidocaine could reduce the incidence of SRAEs in elderly frailty patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Methods: A total of 210 elderly frailty patients scheduled for ERCP were randomly divided into two groups: lidocaine and control.

Defining ortholog-specific UHRF1 inhibition by STELLA for cancer therapy.

UHRF1 maintains DNA methylation by recruiting DNA methyltransferases to chromatin. In mouse, these dynamics are potently antagonized by a natural UHRF1 inhibitory protein STELLA, while the comparable effects of its human ortholog are insufficiently characterized, especially in cancer cells. Herein, we demonstrate that human STELLA (hSTELLA) is inadequate, while mouse STELLA (mSTELLA) is fully proficient in inhibiting the abnormal DNA methylation and oncogenic functions of UHRF1 in human cancer cells.

Nanoscopy reveals integrin clustering reliant on kindlin-3 but not talin-1.

Background: Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood, and their recruitment is essential for innate immunity and inflammatory responses. The initial and critical step of neutrophil recruitment is their adhesion to vascular endothelium, which depends on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) triggered integrin inside-out signaling that induces β2 integrin activation and clustering on neutrophils. Kindlin-3 and talin-1 are essential regulators for the inside-out signaling induced β2 integrin activation.

A Preclinical Immunogenicity Study of the Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Nine-Valent Virus-like Particle Vaccine.

Background: Cervical cancer is associated with persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Prophylactic HPV vaccines have been recommended and have significant efficacy in preventing cervical cancer. Multivalent HPV vaccines have a better preventative effect on HPV-related diseases.

Challenges and New Directions in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine Development.

Tumor vaccine is a promising immunotherapy for solid tumors. Therapeutic tumor vaccines aim at inducing tumor regression, establishing durable antitumor memory, and avoiding non-specific or adverse reactions. However, tumor-induced immune suppression and immune resistance pose challenges to achieving this goal.

DSiam-CnK: A CBAM- and KCF-Enabled Deep Siamese Region Proposal Network for Human Tracking in Dynamic and Occluded Scenes.

Despite the accuracy and robustness attained in the field of object tracking, algorithms based on Siamese neural networks often over-rely on information from the initial frame, neglecting necessary updates to the template; furthermore, in prolonged tracking situations, such methodologies encounter challenges in efficiently addressing issues such as complete occlusion or instances where the target exits the frame. To tackle these issues, this study enhances the SiamRPN algorithm by integrating the convolutional block attention module (CBAM), which enhances spatial channel attention. Additionally, it integrates the kernelized correlation filters (KCFs) for enhanced feature template representation.

Gemcitabine-Loaded Microbeads for Transarterial Chemoembolization of Rabbit Renal Tumor Monitored by F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging.

Background/objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop the gemcitabine-loaded drug-eluting beads (G-DEBs) for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in rabbit renal tumors and to evaluate their antitumor effect using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT).

Methods: DEBs were prepared by polyvinyl alcohol-based macromer crosslinked with -acryl tyrosine and ,'-methylenebis(acrylamide). Gemcitabine was loaded through ion change to obtain G-DEBs.

Exploring Orodispersible Films Containing the Proteolysis Targeting Chimera ARV-110 in Hot Melt Extrusion and Solvent Casting Using Polyvinyl Alcohol.

Background/objectives: This project aims to provide valuable insights into the formulation of orodispersible films (ODFs) for the delivery of PROTAC ARV-110. The primary objective of this drug delivery formulation is to enhance the solubility of PROTAC ARV-110, which faces significant challenges due to the low solubility of this active pharmaceutical ingredient, as it belongs to a molecular class that is considered to exceed the "Rule of Five".

Methods: We employed the concept of developing a rapidly disintegrating ODF to enhance the solubility of PROTAC ARV-110, utilizing polyvinyl alcohol as the polymer of choice.

Bis-Iridoid Glycosides and Triterpenoids from and Their Potential as Inhibitors of ACC1 and ACL.

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the twigs/leaves and flower buds of , a rare deciduous shrub native to China, led to the isolation of 39 structurally diverse compounds. These compounds include 11 iridoid glycosides (- and -), 20 triterpenoids (, , and -), and 8 phenylpropanoids (-). Among these, amabiliosides A () and B () represent previously undescribed bis-iridoid glycosides, while amabiliosides C () and D () feature a unique bis-iridoid-monoterpenoid indole alkaloid scaffold with a tetrahydro--carboline-5-carboxylic acid moiety.

Vitamin C and MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 Synergistically Promote Oligodendrocytes Generation by Promoting DNA Demethylation.

DNA methylation and demethylation are key epigenetic events that regulate gene expression and cell fate. DNA demethylation via oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is typically mediated by TET (ten-eleven translocation) enzymes. The 5hmC modification is considered an intermediate state of DNA demethylation; it is particularly prevalent in the brain and is believed to play a role in the development of many cell types in the brain.