Association between major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms and the risk of vascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes, and the mediating role of metabolic biomarkers: an analysis of the UK Biobank cohort.

Background: Depression is a severe mental disorder commonly co-morbid with diabetes, but it remains to elucidate whether depression is associated with the risks of a wide range of vascular complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether metabolic biomarkers may mediate this pathway.

Methods: We conducted this prospective analysis among the participants of the UK Biobank who were diagnosed with T2DM and free of vascular complications at baseline between March 13, 2006 and September 30, 2010. Major depressive disorder (MDD) was ascertained according to the hospital admission records and self-report of doctor-diagnosed conditions, while the presence of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2.

Inhibition of Human Salivary and Pancreatic α-Amylase by Resveratrol Oligomers.

A key strategy to mitigate postprandial hyperglycemia involves inhibiting α-amylases, which commence the starch digestion process in the gut. This study examined the inhibitory effects of resveratrol and stilbenoid tetramers, vaticanol B, (-)-hopeaphenol, and vatalbinoside A on human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases experimentally and through molecular docking studies. Vaticanol B demonstrated the most potent inhibition with IC values of 5.

Invasive Treatment Strategy for Older Patients with Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Whether a conservative strategy of medical therapy alone or a strategy of medical therapy plus invasive treatment is more beneficial in older adults with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial involving patients 75 years of age or older with NSTEMI at 48 sites in the United Kingdom. The patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a conservative strategy of the best available medical therapy or an invasive strategy of coronary angiography and revascularization plus the best available medical therapy.

Racial Disparities in Palliative Care at End-of-Life in Children with Advanced Heart Disease in the South.

Objective: To examine specialty pediatric palliative care (SPPC) and end-of-life care for children with advanced heart disease in Alabama, including rates of and disparities in SPPC involvement.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective study from electronic health records of children (≤21 years at death) who died with advanced heart disease at a single institution between 2012 and 2019 (n = 128). The main outcome was SPPC consult; we assessed clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with SPPC.

Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on the Processes of Care and Long-Term Mortality of Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study and Long-Term Follow-Up.

Background: A growing population of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, although little is known about their longer-term mortality.

Methods And Results: Using the MINAP (Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project) registry, linked to Office for National Statistics mortality data, we analyzed 363 559 UK patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, with or without CKD. Cox regression models were fitted, adjusting for baseline demographics.

Trends in California Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Sex-Race/Ethnicity Disparity and Income Inequality.

Objective: To examine the cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related death trends and the relationship between CVD deaths and sex, race/ethnicity, and income in California from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2021.

Methods: The age-adjusted death rate (AADR) per 100,000 population attributable to ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and heart failure (HF), stroke, and CVD combined were calculated using CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) for California, 1999 to 2021. We used a joinpoint log-linear regression model to determine trends in CVD death.

Myocardial infarct size is reduced by nitrite and nitrate administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and can be complicated by myocardial infarction (MI), leading to cardiac failure. Inorganic nitrite and nitrate, which release nitric oxide (NO), can protect the heart against myocardial injury. This animal systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess whether the administration of nitrite/nitrate decreases myocardial infarct size.

Findings from the Longitudinal CINRG Becker Natural History Study.

Background: Becker muscular dystrophy is an X-linked, genetic disorder causing progressive degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle, with a widely variable phenotype.

Objective: A 3-year, longitudinal, prospective dataset contributed by patients with confirmed Becker muscular dystrophy was analyzed to characterize the natural history of this disorder. A better understanding of the natural history is crucial to rigorous therapeutic trials.

Midterm Results of an Algorithmic 3-Pronged Approach to Bicuspid Aortic Valve Repair.

Background: This study evaluated midterm outcomes of a 3-pronged algorithm for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) repair. Valve-sparing root reimplantation (VSRR) was performed for patients with aortic root dilatation. In those without a root aneurysm, external subannular ring (ESAR) was performed for annuli ≥28 mm and subcommissural annuloplasty (SCA) for annuli <28 mm.

Rhinovirus-induced epithelial RIG-I inflammasome suppresses antiviral immunity and promotes inflammation in asthma and COVID-19.

Rhinoviruses and allergens, such as house dust mite are major agents responsible for asthma exacerbations. The influence of pre-existing airway inflammation on the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is largely unknown. We analyse mechanisms of response to viral infection in experimental in vivo rhinovirus infection in healthy controls and patients with asthma, and in in vitro experiments with house dust mite, rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in human primary airway epithelium.

Association of the Timing and Extent of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections With Mortality.

Importance: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is a potentially devastating complication with an estimated 12-month mortality of 15% to 30%. The association of the extent (localized or systemic) and timing of infection with all-cause mortality has not been established.

Objective: To evaluate the association of the extent and timing of CIED infection with all-cause mortality.

Genetic Risk Score for Intracranial Aneurysms: Prediction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Role in Clinical Heterogeneity.

Background: Recently, common genetic risk factors for intracranial aneurysm (IA) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) were found to explain a large amount of disease heritability and therefore have potential to be used for genetic risk prediction. We constructed a genetic risk score to (1) predict ASAH incidence and IA presence (combined set of unruptured IA and ASAH) and (2) assess its association with patient characteristics.

Methods: A genetic risk score incorporating genetic association data for IA and 17 traits related to IA (so-called metaGRS) was created using 1161 IA cases and 407 392 controls from the UK Biobank population study.

Performance of administrative database frailty instruments in predicting clinical outcomes and cost for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a historical cohort study.

Purpose: Frailty instruments may improve prognostic estimates for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Few studies have evaluated and compared the performance of administrative database frailty instruments for patients undergoing TAVI. This study aimed to examine the performance of administrative database frailty instruments in predicting clinical outcomes and costs in patients who underwent TAVI.

Comparative effectiveness of initial computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease: multicentre randomised trial.

Objective: To assess the comparative effectiveness of computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain suspected to be caused by coronary artery disease.

Design: Prospective, multicentre, randomised pragmatic trial.

Setting: Hospitals at 26 sites in 16 European countries.

Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Inequities in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use Among Patients With Diabetes in the US.

Importance: Randomized clinical trials have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) cause significant weight loss and reduce cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Black patients have a disproportionate burden of obesity and cardiovascular disease and have a higher rate of cardiovascular-related mortality. Racial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes are largely attributable to the pervasiveness of structural racism, and patients who are marginalized by racism have less access to novel therapeutics.

A systematic review of lung clearance index in non-cystic fibrosis, non-primary ciliary dyskinesia bronchiectasis.

Background: Non cystic fibrosis, non primary ciliary dyskinesia bronchiectasis (nCFnPCD-BE) results in significant morbidity with few evidence-based treatments.

Objective: assessments are required to assess severity and evaluate treatment. Lung clearance index (LCI) measures ventilation inhomogeneity and is a sensitive test of disease in CF; its use in nCFnPCD-BE is unclear.

Association of ambulatory blood pressure with coronary microvascular and cardiac dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension commonly coexist and are associated with subclinical myocardial structural and functional changes. We sought to determine the association between blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular (LV) remodeling, systolic/diastolic function, and coronary microvascular function, among individuals with T2D without prevalent cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Participants with T2D and age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls underwent comprehensive cardiovascular phenotyping including fasting bloods, transthoracic echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging with quantitative adenosine stress/rest perfusion, and office and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring.

Effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation vs Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement on All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Aortic Stenosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a less invasive alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement and is the treatment of choice for patients at high operative risk. The role of TAVI in patients at lower risk is unclear.

Objective: To determine whether TAVI is noninferior to surgery in patients at moderately increased operative risk.