Rural-urban disparities in patient satisfaction with oral health care: a provincial survey.

Background: Identifying spatial variation in patient satisfaction is essential to improve the quality of care. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate rural-urban disparities in patient satisfaction and to determine the factors that could influence satisfaction with oral health care.

Methods: Data from 1788 parents/caregivers of children who participated in the Quebec Ministry of Health clinical study were subject to secondary analysis.

Inferior alveolar nerve allogenic repair following mandibulectomy: A systematic review.

Purpose: Processed nerve allografts (PNA) are an alternative to nerve autografts to reconstruct the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) when it is damaged. The purpose of this study was to report the results of IAN reconstruction using PNA in the context of aggressive benign mandibular pathology.

Material And Method: A systematic literature review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement through the MEDLINE (Pubmed) and SCOPUS (Elsevier) databases.

Sex differences in brain aging among adults with family history of Alzheimer's disease and APOE4 genetic risk.

Emerging evidence suggests that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk factors may differentially contribute to disease trajectory in women than men. Determining the effect of AD risk factors on brain aging in women, compared to men, is critical for understanding whether there are sex differences in the pathways towards AD in cognitively intact but at-risk adults. Brain Age Gap (BAG) is a concept used increasingly as a measure of brain health; BAG is defined as the difference between predicted age (based on structural MRI) and chronological age, with negative values reflecting preserved brain health with age.

Relative food insecurity, mental health and wellbeing in 160 countries.

Food insecurity contributes to various stress-related health problems and previous research found that its association with mental illness is stronger in more affluent countries. We hypothesised that this pattern is a function of relative deprivation whereby the severity of individual food insecurity relative to others in a reference group determines its associations with mental health and wellbeing after differences in absolute food insecurity are controlled for. Using survey data from the Gallup World Poll collected in 160 countries and a measure of relative deprivation (Yitzhaki index), we found that relative food insecurity-based on national or regional reference groups-related to more mental health symptoms, lower positive wellbeing and lower life satisfaction after controlling for absolute food insecurity, household income, and country differences.

Implicit and explicit motivational responses to high- and low-calorie food in women with disordered eating.

Eating disorders and their symptoms are thought to be associated with altered motivational responding to food. Binge eating may relate to increased reward reactivity, restrictive eating may be associated with increased threat and/or decreased reward reactivity, and the combination of these symptoms within an individual may be linked to motivational conflict to food. Using both implicit (i.

Sex and gender differences in cognitive and brain reserve: Implications for Alzheimer's disease in women.

Women represent ⅔ of the cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current research has focused on differential risks to explain higher rates of AD in women. However, factors that reduce risk for AD, like cognitive/brain reserve, are less well explored.

Towards greater transparency in neurodevelopmental disorders research: use of a proposed workflow and propensity scores to facilitate selection of matched groups.

Background: Matching is one commonly utilized method in quasi-experimental designs involving individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This method ensures two or more groups (e.g.

The effects of suppressing the biological stress systems on social threat-assessment following acute stress.

Rationale: Stress is associated with increased sensitivity to threat. Previous investigations examining how stress affects threat processing have largely focused on biomarker responses associated with either the sympathetic-nervous-system (SNS) or the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Objectives: We pharmacologically suppressed activations of SNS, HPA, or both, prior to stress and investigated how each stress system modulates social threat assessment.

Dissociating the white matter tracts connecting the temporo-parietal cortical region with frontal cortex using diffusion tractography.

Three major white matter pathways connect the posterior temporal region and the adjacent inferior parietal lobule with the lateral frontal cortex: the arcuate fasciculus (AF), and the second and third branches of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF II and SLF III). These pathways are found also in nonhuman primate brains where they play specific roles in auditory and spatial processing. The precise origin, course, and termination of these pathways has been examined in invasive tract tracing studies in macaque monkeys.

Altered topological blueprint of trabecular bone associates with skeletal pathology in humans.

Bone is a hierarchically organized biological material, and its strength is usually attributed to overt factors such as mass, density, and composition. Here we investigate a covert factor - the topological blueprint, or the network organization pattern of trabecular bone. This generally conserved metric of an edge-and-node simplified presentation of trabecular bone relates to the average coordination/valence of nodes and the equiangular 3D offset of trabeculae emanating from these nodes.

Changes of orofacial somatosensory attenuation during speech production.

Modulation of auditory activity occurs before and during voluntary speech movement. However, it is unknown whether orofacial somatosensory input is modulated in the same manner. The current study examined whether or not the somatosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to facial skin stretch are changed during speech and nonspeech production tasks.

Tripping on nothing: placebo psychedelics and contextual factors.

Rationale: Is it possible to have a psychedelic experience from a placebo alone? Most psychedelic studies find few effects in the placebo control group, yet these effects may have been obscured by the study design, setting, or analysis decisions.

Objective: We examined individual variation in placebo effects in a naturalistic environment resembling a typical psychedelic party.

Methods: Thirty-three students completed a single-arm study ostensibly examining how a psychedelic drug affects creativity.

Chronotherapy of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs May Enhance Postoperative Recovery.

Postoperative pain relief is crucial for full recovery. With the ongoing opioid epidemic and the insufficient effect of acetaminophen on severe pain; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are heavily used to alleviate this pain. However, NSAIDs are known to inhibit postoperative healing of connective tissues by inhibiting prostaglandin signaling.

Associations between self-report and physiological measures of emotional reactions to food among women with disordered eating.

Individuals with eating disorders have exhibited both positive and negative emotional responses to food when assessed via self-report and psychophysiology. These mixed findings may be explained by a lack of association between self-report and physiological measures, and the degree of association may differ based on core eating disorder symptoms like dietary restriction and binge eating. Women from the community (N = 82) were recruited based on the presence or absence of dietary restriction and binge eating.

HisCoM-GGI: Hierarchical structural component analysis of gene-gene interactions.

Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with common diseases, these observations are limited for fully explaining "missing heritability". Determining gene-gene interactions (GGI) are one possible avenue for addressing the missing heritability problem. While many statistical approaches have been proposed to detect GGI, most of these focus primarily on SNP-to-SNP interactions.

Music improves social communication and auditory-motor connectivity in children with autism.

Music has been identified as a strength in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder; however, there is currently no neuroscientific evidence supporting its benefits. Given its universal appeal, intrinsic reward value and ability to modify brain and behaviour, music may be a potential therapeutic aid in autism. Here we evaluated the neurobehavioural outcomes of a music intervention, compared to a non-music control intervention, on social communication and brain connectivity in school-age children (ISRCTN26821793).

Relative frequency and risk factors for long-term opioid therapy following surgery and trauma among adults: a systematic review protocol.

Background: When patients have been on opioid therapy for more than 90 days, more than half of them continue using opioids years later. Knowing that long-term opioid consumption could lead to harmful side effects including misuse, abuse, and addiction, it is important to understand the risks of transitioning to prolonged opioid therapy to reduce its occurrence. Perioperative and trauma contexts are ideal models commonly used to study such transition.

The Multifaceted Uses and Therapeutic Advantages of Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Research.

Nanoparticles are uniquely suited for the study and development of potential therapies against atherosclerosis by virtue of their size, fine-tunable properties, and ability to incorporate therapies and/or imaging modalities. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be specifically targeted to the atherosclerotic plaque, evading off-target effects and/or associated cytotoxicity. There has been a wealth of knowledge available concerning the use of nanotechnologies in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, in particular in animal models, but with a major focus on imaging agents.

Emotional ratings of high- and low-calorie food are differentially associated with cognitive restraint and dietary restriction.

Dietary restraint is a robust risk factor for binge eating and eating disorders, which may partially result from increased reward reactivity to food in individuals who attempt to diet. However, research examining the association between dietary restraint and reactivity to food cues is mixed. Mixed findings may reflect distinct relations between food cue reactivity and different dimensions of dietary behavior; attempts to diet (cognitive restraint) may be associated with increased positive evaluations of food, whereas actual reduction in food intake (dietary restriction) may be achieved through decreased reactivity to food cues.

Information service in head and neck cancer care-a qualitative study.

Aim: We aimed to understand how information was delivered to head and neck (H&N) cancer patients and describe the perceptions of the H&N patients concerning information delivery.

Methodology: This qualitative investigation was a part of our larger quantitative study that was conducted with H&N cancer patients at two academic hospitals in Montreal. After obtaining the ethical approval, a purposeful sample of participants was recruited from the main study until the content of the information gathered reached saturation.

Intact non-word repetition and similar error patterns in language-matched children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study.

Purpose: We investigated whether enhanced auditory short-term memory may contribute to the learning of novel word forms in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. We also evaluated whether delayed but qualitatively normal, versus atypical, cognitive processes underlie non-word repetition in this population via a detailed error analysis.

Method: English-speaking children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (who had significant language delay) and typically-developing children matched pairwise on language ability were compared on the Syllable Repetition Task (Shriberg et al.