The stability of gadolinium-based contrast agents in human serum: A reanalysis of literature data and association with clinical outcomes.

Purpose: To reanalyze literature data of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in plasma with a kinetic model of dissociation to provide a comprehensive assessment of equilibrium conditions for linear GBCAs.

Methods: Data for the release of Gd from GBCAs in human serum was extracted from a previous report in the literature and fit to a kinetic dissociation/association model. The conditional stabilities (logK) and percent intact over time were calculated using the model rate constants.

Can gadolinium be re-chelated in vivo? Considerations from decorporation therapy.

Gadolinium (Gd) and Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been observed to deposit in tissues of patients following contrast enhanced MR imaging procedures. A conservative approach for chelation therapy of this toxic metal dictates the assumption that minimal intact GBCAs are present. Currently the extent to which these deposits are primarily de-chelated Gd remains uncertain, prevailing knowledge suggests that for linear agents much of the Gd is de-chelated, while for the macrocyclic agents, the Gd may be still largely chelated.

Enhancement of abdominal structures on MRI at 1.5 and 3 T: a retrospective intraindividual crossover comparison.

Objective: To quantitatively compare the extent of enhancement of abdominal structures on MRI in an intraindividual fashion at 1.5 and 3 T.

Methods: HIPAA-compliant, retrospective, longitudinal, intraindividual, crossover study, with waived informed consent, of consecutive individuals scanned at both 1.

Gadolinium in Humans: A Family of Disorders.

Objective: The literature informs us that gadolinium can cause health issues. At least four major gadolinium disorders, including the two well-recognized nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and severe acute adverse event, have been identified.

Conclusion: We propose naming the histopathologically proven presence of gadolinium in brain tissue "gadolinium storage condition," and we describe a new entity that represents symptomatic deposition of gadolinium in individuals with normal renal function, for which we propose the designation "gadolinium deposition disease.

Bone Metastases of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Appearance on MRI Using a Standard Abdominal Protocol.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the MRI features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) bone metastases.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three consecutive patients were included. Two radiologists performed qualitative and quantitative analysis.

High Signal Intensity in Globus Pallidus and Dentate Nucleus on Unenhanced T1-weighted MR Images: Evaluation of Two Linear Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents.

Purpose: To determine if a correlation exists between the number of previous enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations and high signal intensity in the globus pallidus (GP) and dentate nucleus (DN) in patients who received gadodiamide (Omniscan), a linear nonionic gadolinium-based contrast agent, and in those who received gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance), a linear ionic contrast agent.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this single-center retrospective study, with waiver of informed consent. The study population included 69 patients divided into two groups: Group 1 included patients who underwent gadodiamide-enhanced MR imaging, and group 2 included patients who underwent gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging.

High-resolution 3D-GRE imaging of the abdomen using controlled aliasing acceleration technique - a feasibility study.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of high-resolution 3D-gradient-recalled echo (GRE) fat-suppressed T1-weighted images using controlled aliasing acceleration technique (CAIPIRINHA-VIBE), and compare image quality and lesion detection to standard-resolution 3D-GRE images using conventional acceleration technique (GRAPPA-VIBE).

Materials And Methods: Eighty-four patients (41 males, 43 females; age range: 14-90 years, 58.8 ± 15.

MR-PET evaluation of 1-month post-ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary observations.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and protocol optimization of whole-body hybrid MR-PET system performed 1-month after post-locoregional thermoablative procedures for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).

Materials And Methods: Eight patients (6 men and 2 women; mean age, 56.6 ± 5.

Mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma of unknown primary: can they be distinguished on liver MRI?

Purpose: To determine MR features suggestive of mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) or liver metastases of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (AUP), and to compare the ability of two experienced radiologists to establish the correct diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: 61 patients with CCA or AUP, with MRIs were placed into two groups: population 1, 28 patients with certain diagnosis of either CCA or AUP; and population 2, 33 patients with uncertain diagnosis. Using population 1 with known diagnosis, two investigators formulated imaging criteria for CCA or AUP, which represented phase 1 of the study.

Post-contrast T1-weighted sequences in pediatric abdominal imaging: comparative analysis of three different sequences and imaging approach.

Background: Post-contrast T1-weighted imaging is an essential component of a comprehensive pediatric abdominopelvic MR examination. However, consistent good image quality is challenging, as respiratory motion in sedated children can substantially degrade the image quality.

Objective: To compare the image quality of three different post-contrast T1-weighted imaging techniques-standard three-dimensional gradient-echo (3-D-GRE), magnetization-prepared gradient-recall echo (MP-GRE) and 3-D-GRE with radial data sampling (radial 3-D-GRE)-acquired in pediatric patients younger than 5 years of age.

Outcomes of patients with elevated α-fetoprotein level and initial negative findings at MR imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate interval cancer diagnosis in patients with elevated α-fetoprotein (AFP) level and initial negative findings at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study and waived informed consent. Seventeen patients with elevated AFP levels (>300 ng/mL [>300 μg/L]) and initial negative findings at hepatic MR imaging from 2002 to 2011 were identified.

Characterization of adrenal lesions with 1.5-T MRI: preliminary observations on comparison of three in-phase and out-of-phase gradient-echo techniques.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use previously described quantitative evaluation methods to compare the performance of 3D gradient-recalled echo (GRE) and magnetization-prepared (MP) GRE in-phase and out-of phase sequences with standard 2D GRE technique in the characterization of adrenal lesions.

Materials And Methods: The study sample consisted of 44 consecutively registered patients (22 men, 22 women; mean age, 59.1 ± 11.